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Covariation between local and landscape factors influences the structure of ground-active arthropod communities in fragmented metropolitan woodlands

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Abstract

Context

The world is becoming increasingly urbanized, with more than half of the global population now living in cities. Understanding the factors impacting natural communities in fragmented landscapes is therefore crucial for predicting how the remaining ecosystems will respond to global change. Ground-active arthropods, which are important in nutrient cycling, are likely sensitive to habitat changes resulting from urbanization.

Objectives

We addressed two questions: (1) What is the relative importance of local and landscape factors in shaping ground-active arthropod communities in urban woodlands? (2) How does body size (as a surrogate for dispersal ability) affect sensitivity to landscape-level factors?

Methods

In the summers of 2010 and 2011, we sampled ground-active arthropod communities in 19 woodlands in the Chicago metropolitan region using pitfall traps. We also assessed local plant and soil characteristics, as well as landscape-level variables using GIS.

Results

Redundancy analyses and variation partitioning revealed that local factors, particularly invasive woody-plant cover and soil nitrate, had the most influence on arthropod communities, explaining 12% of the total variation. Of the landscape-level variables, landscape richness, which is one measure of landscape fragmentation, explained the most variation; however, the shared variance between landscape and local variables was responsible for half (16%) of the total explained variation (32%). Landscape factors alone explained only 4% of variation. No relationship between arthropod body size and landscape variables was observed, but several groups (e.g. ants and ground beetles) were correlated with landscape-level factors.

Conclusions

Our research shows that both local and landscape variables are important in influencing ground-active arthropods, but the majority of explained variance is attributed to the covariation between landscape richness, invasive woody-plant cover, and soil nitrate. We therefore conclude that landscape fragmentation is likely affecting the ground-active arthropods through its positive influence on invasive woody plants and soil nitrogen.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Wise Lab (Nolan Bielinski, Monica Farfan, Amanda Henderson, Brook Herman, Susan Kirt Alterio, José-Cristian Martínez, and Robin Mores) at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) for their support and conceptual guidance. We also thank Ann Sabir and Raed Oswesi for their assistance in identifying arthropods. The research was funded by the Gaylord and Dorothy Donnelley Foundation—a major supporter of the Chicago Wilderness Land Management Research Program, and a UIC Abraham Lincoln Graduate Fellowship awarded to MAM. Many thanks to the two anonymous reviewers for their instructive and helpful comments, which improved the overall quality of this manuscript.

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  1. Matthew A. McCary

    Present address: Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA

    Matthew A. McCary, Emily Minor & David H. Wise

  2. Institute for Environmental Science and Policy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA

    Emily Minor & David H. Wise

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McCary, M.A., Minor, E. & Wise, D.H. Covariation between local and landscape factors influences the structure of ground-active arthropod communities in fragmented metropolitan woodlands. Landscape Ecol 33, 225–239 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-017-0593-9

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