Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Fabricating an experimental setup to investigate the performance of an automobile car radiator by using aluminum/water nanofluid

  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this present work, effect of Al/water nanofluids on the rheological performance of an automobile car radiator has been investigated. Nanofluids were fabricated by two-step methods, i.e., dispersing of aluminum metal bases nanoparticles of size 75–135 nm in double-distilled water. Experiments were conducted on single-pass cross-flow compact heat exchanger by varying the various parameters such as inlet temperature, flow rate through the heat exchanger, concentration of nanoparticles and velocity of air employed for cooling purpose. It was concluded that the hot side Nusselt numbers are improved by 3.37 and 5.0877% for 0.2 and 0.3% concentrations of nanofluids, respectively, at 318.15 K inlet fluids temperature as compared to base fluids. Colburn factor was increased by 12.94 and 23.45% for 0.2 and 0.3% nanoparticles volume concentration of nanofluids, respectively, at 318.15 K inlet temperature with respect to double-distilled water. Hot fluid side friction factor was increased by 14.04 and 20.916% for 0.2 and 0.3% nanoparticles volume concentration of nanofluids with respect to base fluids, but this average value of friction factor was decreased by 2.29 and 9.1412% when temperature was increased from 318.15 to 323.15 K and 328.15 K, respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

A t :

Total heat transfer surface area, m2

A 0 :

Free flow areas of the exchanger, or cross-sectional area of exchanger, m2

A f :

Free flow area of fin exposed to heat transfer, m2

A fr :

Air side frontal area on one side of the exchanger m2

A nft :

Non-fin area, m2

A c,t :

Cross-sectional area of tube, m2

A w :

Air ways

T t :

Tube thickness

T w :

Tube width

T l :

Total length, m

T t,l :

Total tube length in core dimension, m

T s :

Tube sheet thickness, m

F t :

Fin thickness, m

F l :

Fin length, m

F w :

Fin width, m

N t :

Number of tubes one side

N f :

Number of fins in between two tubes

A :

Tube spacing, m

B :

Fin spacing, m

W :

Fluid flow (air) length, m

C p :

Specific heat of fluid at constant pressure, J/kg °C

D h :

Hydraulic diameter, m

f :

Friction factor, dimensionless

G :

Mass velocity, Kg/m2s

C :

Heat capacity rate

h:

Heat transfer coefficient, W/m2 °C

J :

Colburn factor, dimensionless

K :

Fluid thermal conductivity, W/m  °C

K f :

Thermal conductivity of fin materials, W/m  °C

LPH:

Liters per hour

P :

Pressure, Pa

Pr:

Prandtl number, dimensionless

Nu:

Nusselt number, dimensionless

Re:

Reynolds number based on hydraulic diameter, dimensionless

T :

Fluid temperature

U :

Overall heat transfer coefficient, W/m2 °C

V :

Volume, m3

v :

Velocity, m/s

m :

Fluid mass flow rate, kg/s

α :

Ratio of total heat transfer area of one side to its volume m2/m3

ρ :

Density, kg/m3

ϕ :

Diameter, m

έ :

Heat exchanger effectiveness

η f :

Fin efficiency

η 0 :

Overall efficiency

a :

Air

b :

Bulk

c :

Cold fluid side

h :

Hot fluid side

w :

Water

1:

Inlet conditions

2:

Outlet conditions

References

  1. Rashidi S, Eskandarian M, Mahian O, Poncet S. Combination of nanofluid and inserts for heat transfer enhancement. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2018; 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7070-9.

  2. Afshari A, Akbari M, Toghraie D, Yazdi ME. Experimental investigation of rheological behavior of the hybrid nanofluid of MWCNT–alumina/water (80%)–ethylene-glycol (20%). J Therm Anal Calorim. 2018; 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7009-1.

  3. Esfe MH, Amiri MK, Alirezaie A. Thermal conductivity of a hybrid nanofluid. J Therm Anal Calorim 2018; 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6836-9  

  4. Esfe MH, Esfandeh S. Rheological behavior of CuO/EG:W (20:80 v/v) nanofluid from a thermal perspective. J Therm Anal Calorim 2018; 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7082-5.

  5. Hosseinnezhad R, Akbari OA, Afrouzi HH, Biglarian M, Koveiti A, Toghraie D. Numerical study of turbulent nanofluid heat transfer in a tubular heat exchanger with twin twisted-tape inserts. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2018;132:741–59.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Dabiri E, Bahrami F, Mohammadzadeh S. Experimental investigation on turbulent convection heat transfer of SiC/W and MgO/W nanofluids in a circular tube under constant heat flux boundary condition. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2018;131:2243–59.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Pourfayazmailto F, Sanjarian N, Kasaeian A, Razi Astaraei F, Sameti M. S. Nasirivatan. An experimental comparison of SiO2/water nanofluid heat transfer in square and circular cross-sectional channels. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2018;131:1577–86.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Esfe MH, Saedodin S, Mahian O, Wongwises S. Thermal conductivity of Al2O3/water nanofluids. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2014;117(2):675–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Leena M, Srinivasan S. A comparative study on thermal conductivity of TiO2/ethylene glycol–water and TiO2/propylene glycol–water nanofluids. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2018;131(2):1987–98.  

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Esfe MH, Saedodin S, Wongwises S, Toghraie D. An experimental study on the effect of diameter on thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity of Fe/water nanofluids. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2015;119(3):1817–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bashirnezhad K, Rashidi MM, Yang Z, Bazri S, Yan W-M. A comprehensive review of last experimental studies on thermal conductivity of nanofluids. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2015;122(2):863–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Hosseinzadeh M, Heris SZ, Beheshti A, Shanbedi M. Convective heat transfer and friction factor of aqueous Fe3O4 nanofluid flow under laminar regime. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;124(2):827–38.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Beheshti A, Shanbedi M, Heris SZ. Heat transfer and rheological properties of transformer oil-oxidized MWCNT nanofluid. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2014;118(3):1451–60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Raei B, Shahraki F, Jamialahmadi M, Peyghambarzadeh M. Experimental study on the heat transfer and flow properties of γ-Al2O3/water nanofluid in a double-tube heat exchanger. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2017;127(3):2561–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Esfe MH, Saedodin S. Turbulent forced convection heat transfer and thermophysical properties of MgO–water nanofluid with consideration of different nanoparticles diameter, an empirical study. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2015;119(2):1205–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Esfe MH, Behbahani PM, Arani AAA, Sarlak MR. Thermal conductivity enhancement of SiO2–MWCNT (85:15%)–EG hybrid nanofluids, ANN designing, experimental investigation, cost performance and sensitivity analysis. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2017;128(1):249–58.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Abbasi S, Zebarjad SM, Baghban SHN, Youssefi A, Ekrami-Kakhki MS. Experimental investigation of the rheological behavior and viscosity of decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes with TiO2 nanoparticles/water nanofluids. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;123(1):81–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Dabiri E, Bahrami F, Mohammadzadeh S. Experimental investigation on turbulent convection heat transfer of SiC/W and MgO/W nanofluids in a circular tube under constant heat flux boundary condition. J Therm Anal Calorim. pp. 1–17.

  19. Esfe MH, Rejvani M, Karimpour R, Arani AAA. Estimation of thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol-based nanofluid with hybrid suspensions of SWCNT–Al2O3 nanoparticles by correlation and ANN methods using experimental data. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2017;128(3):1359–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Nadooshan AA, Esfe MH, Afrand M. Prediction of rheological behavior of SiO2-MWCNTs/10W40 hybrid nanolubricant by designing neural network. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2018;131(3):2741–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Zadkhast M, Toghraie D, Karimipour A. Developing a new correlation to estimate the thermal conductivity of MWCNT-CuO/water hybrid nanofluid via an experimental investigation. J Thermal Anal Calorim. 2017;129(2):859–67.  

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Toghraie D, Chaharsoghi VA, Afrand M. Measurement of thermal conductivity of ZnO–TiO2/EG hybrid nanofluid. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;125:527–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Esfe MH, Saedodin S, Yan W-M, Afrand M, Sina N. Study on thermal conductivity of water-based nanofluids with hybrid suspensions of CNTs/Al2O3 nanoparticles. J Thermal Anal Calorim. 2016;124:455–60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Esfe MH, Ahangar MRH, Toghraie D, Hajmohammad MH, Rostamian H, Tourang H. Designing artificial neural network on thermal conductivity of Al2O3–water–EG (60–40%) nanofluid using experimental data. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;126:837–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Akbari OA, Afrouzi HH, Marzban A, Toghraie D, Malekzade H, Arabpour A. Investigation of volume fraction of nanoparticles effect and aspect ratio of the twisted tape in the tube. J Thermal Anal Calorim. 2017;129(3):1911–22.  

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Hemmat Esfe M, Rejvani M, Karimpour R, Arani AAA. Estimation of thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol-based nanofluid with hybrid suspensions of SWCNT-Al2O3 nanoparticles by correlation and ANN methods using experimental data. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2017;128(3):1359–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Hemmat Esfe M. Designing an artificial neural network using radial basis function (RBF-ANN) to model thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol-water-based TiO2 nanofluids. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2017;127(3):2125–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Zadkhast Masoud, Toghraie Davood, Karimipour Arash. Developing a new correlation to estimate the thermal conductivity of MWCNT-CuO/water hybrid nanofluid via an experimental investigation. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2017;129(2):859–67.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Esfe MH, Saedodin S, Bahiraei M, Toghraie D, Mahian O, Wongwises S. Thermal conductivity modeling of MgO/EG nanofluids using experimental data and artificial neural network. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2014;118:287–94.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Zadeh AD, Toghraie D. Experimental investigation for developing a new model for the dynamic viscosity of silver/ethylene glycol nanofluid at different temperatures and solid volume fractions. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2018;131(2):1449–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Zyła G. Viscosity and thermal conductivity of MgO–EG nanofluids experimental results and theoretical models predictions. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2017;129:171–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Esfe MH, Rostamian H, Toghraie D, Yan W-M. Using artificial neural network to predict thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol with alumina nanoparticle: effects of temperature and solid volume fraction. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;126(2):643–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Hemmat Esfe M, Naderi A, Akbari M, Afrand M, Karimipour A. Evaluation of thermal conductivity of COOH-functionalized MWCNTs/water via temperature and solid volume fraction by using experimental data and ANN methods. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2015;121:1273–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Shahsavani E, Afrand M, Kalbasi R. Using experimental data to estimate the heat transfer and pressure drop of non-Newtonian nanofluid flow through a circular tube: applicable for use in heat exchangers. Appl Therm Eng. 2018;129:1573–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Dehkordi RA, Esfe MH, Afrand M. Effects of functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes on thermal performance of antifreeze: an experimental study on thermal conductivity. Appl Therm Eng. 2017;120:358–66.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Afrand M, Nadooshan AA, Hassani M, Yarmand H, Dahari M. Predicting the viscosity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/water nanofluid by developing an optimal artificial neural network based on experimental data. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf. 2016;77:49–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Afrand M, Najafabadi KN, Akbari M. Effects of temperature and solid volume fraction on viscosity of SiO2-MWCNTs/SAE40 hybrid nanofluid as a coolant and lubricant in heat engines. Appl Therm Eng. 2016;102:45–54.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Afrand M. Experimental study on thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol containing hybrid nano-additives and development of a new correlation. Appl Therm Eng. 2017;110:1111–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Vafaei M, Afrand M, Sina N, Kalbasi R, Sourani F, Teimouri H. Evaluation of thermal conductivity of MgO-MWCNTs/EG hybrid nanofluids based on experimental data by selecting optimal artificial neural networks. Physica E Low Dimens Syst Nanostruct. 2017;85:90–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Afrand M, Najafabadi KN, Sina N, Safaei MR, Kherbeet AS, Wongwises S, Dahari M. Prediction of dynamic viscosity of a hybrid nano-lubricant by an optimal artificial neural network. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf. 2016;76:209–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Dardan E, Afrand M, Isfahani AHM. Effect of suspending hybrid nano-additives on rheological behavior of engine oil and pumping power. Appl Therm Eng. 2016;109(Part A):524–34.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Eshgarf H, Afrand M. An experimental study on rheological behavior of non-Newtonian hybrid nano-coolant for application in cooling and heating systems. Exp Therm Fluid Sci. 2016;76:221–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Ho C-J, Wei LC, Li ZW. An experimental investigation of forced convective cooling performance of a microchannel heat sink with Al2O3/water nanofluid. Appl Therm Eng. 2010;30(2):96.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Izadi M, Shahmardan MM, Maghrebi MJ, Behzadmehr A. Numerical study of developed laminar mixed convection of Al2O3/water nanofluid in an annulus. Chem Eng Commun. 2013;200(7):878–94.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Malvandi A, Ganji DD. Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects on slip flow of alumina/water nanofluid inside a circular microchannel in the presence of a magnetic field. Int J Therm Sci. 2014;84:196–206.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. LotfizadehDehkordi B, Kazi SN, Hamdi M, Ghadimi A, Sadeghinezhad E, Metselaar HSC. Investigation of viscosity and thermal conductivity of Alumina nanofluids with addition of SDBS. Heat Mass Transf. 2013;49(8):1109–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Husseinmailto AM, Bakar RA, Kadirgama K, Sharma KV. Heat transfer augmentation of a car radiator using nanofluids. Heat Mass Transf. 2014;50(11):1553–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Sahoo RR, Sarkar J. Heat transfer performance characteristics of hybrid nanofluids as coolant in louvered fin automotive radiator. Heat Mass Transf. 2017;53(6):1923–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Srinivas V, Moorthy CVKNSN, Dedeepya V, Manikanta PV, Satish V. Nanofluids with CNTs for automotive applications. Heat Mass Transf. 2016;52(4):701–12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Bayat J, Nikseresht AH. Investigation of the different base fluid effects on the nanofluids heat transfer and pressure drop. Heat Mass Transf. 2011;47(9):1089–99.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Sahoo RR, Sarkar J. Heat transfer performance characteristics of hybrid nanofluids as coolant in louvered fin automotive radiator. Heat Mass Transf. 2016;53(6):1923–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Elshazly KM, Sakr RY, Ali RK, Salem MR. Effect of γ-Al2O3/water nanofluid on the thermal performance of shell and coil heat exchanger with different coil torsions. Heat Mass Transf. 2017;53(6):1893–903.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Mahay N, Yadav RK, Sharma S. Fabricating Experimental set-up to study the effect of titanium/water nanofluid concentration on heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in a single pass cross-flow compact heat exchanger. Int J Adv Res Sci Eng. 2017;6(4):93–117.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Sharma S, Garg H, Nijjar S. Techniques for the enhancement of free or natural convection using nanofluids—an overview. Int J Adv Technol Eng Sci. 2017;5(4):512.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Mahay N, Yadav RK, Sharma S. Some studies on investigation for improving the convection mode of heat transfer using nanofluids: a review. In: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on advancements in engineering and technology (ICAET2017), Sangrur, India, 24th & 25th March 2017.

  56. Sharma S, Garg H. Criticality of nanofluids: an overview. In: Proceedings of the 1st recent advances in mechanical engineering (RAME2017), Panipat, India, 17th, 18th March, 2017; Vol. No. 1, pp. 49–56.

  57. Sharma S, Kumar J. Criticality of reducing pressure drop characteristics & enhancing thermo-physical properties as well as heat transfer characteristics in compact heat exchanger by using nanofluids. In: Proceedings of the 3rd national conference on engineering applications-accelerating make in India (NCEA-2017), Jalandhar, India, 26th August, 2017; pp. 226–229.

  58. Das SK, Choi SUS, Yu W, Pradeep T. Nanofluids: science and technology. New Jersey: Wiley; 2007.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  59. Maxwell JC. A treaties on electricity and magnetism, vol. 1. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1881.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Eastman JA, Choi SUS, Li S. Anomalously increased effective thermal conductivities of ethylene glycol-based nanofluids containing copper nanoparticles. Appl Phys Lett. 2001;78:718–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Karthik V, Sahoo S, Pabi SK, Ghosh S. On the phononic and electronic contribution to the enhanced thermal conductivity of water based silver nanofluids. Int J Therm Sci. 2012;1(12):168–78.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Jang SP, Choi SUS. Role of Brownian motion in the enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Appl Phys Lett. 2004;84(21):4316.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Ebrahimi M, Farhadi M, Sedighi K, Akbarzade S. Experimental investigation of force convection heat transfer in a car radiator filled with SiO2–water nanofluid. IJE Trans B Appl. 2014;27(2):333–40.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Heris SZ, Shokrgozar M, Poorpharhang S, Shanbedi M, Noie SH. Experimental study of heat transfer of a car radiator with CuO/ethylene glycol-water as a coolant. J Dispers Sci Technol. 2014;35(5):677–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Sarfraz MM, Hormozi F. Heat transfer, pressure drop and fauling studies of Multi-walled carbon nanotube nano-fluids inside a plate heat exchanger. Exp Therm Fluid Sci. 2016;72:1-11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Nieh HM, Teng TP, Yu CC. Enhanced heat dissipation of a radiator using oxide nano-coolant. Int J Therm Sci. 2014;77:252–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Chougule SS, Sahu SK. Comparative study of cooling performance of an automobile radiator using Al2O3-water and carbon-nanotube nanofluid. J Nanotechnol Eng Med. 2014;5(1):010901.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Chougule SS, Sahu SK. Thermal performance of an automobile radiator using carbon nanotube-water nanofluid-experimental study. J Therm Sci Eng Appl. 2014;6(4):041009.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Hwa-Ming N, Tun-Ping T, Yu C-C. Enhanced heat dissipation of a radiator using oxide nano-coolant. Int J Therm Sci. 2014;77:252–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Ali M, EI-Leathy AM, AI-Sofyany Z. The effect of nanofluid concentration on the cooling system of a vehicles radiator. Adv Mech Eng. 2014;6:962510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Vermahmoudi Y, Peyghambarzadeh SM, Hashemabadi SH, Naraki M. Experimental Investigation on the heat transfer performance Fe2O3/water nanofluid in an air finned heat exchanger. Eur J Mech B Fluids. 2014;44:32–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Gangacharyulu D, Sharma S, Kumar S. Some studies of heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of CuO-distilled water based nanofluid. M. Tech Dissertation, T.U., Patiala.

  73. Gangacharyulu D, Sharma S, Singh K. Some studies of heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of thermal energy storage system with Al2O3 nanofluid. M. Tech Dissertation, T.U., Patiala. 2013.

  74. KD2 Pro thermal properties analyzer, Operator’s Manual (Version 10), supplied by Decagon Devices, Inc., WA 99163 USA.

  75. Brookfield Digital Viscometer, Model DV-E, Operating Instructions, Manual No. M/98-350-g0307, Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc., 11 Commerce Boulevard, Middleboro, MA 02346 USA.

  76. Gangacharyulu D, Sharma JK, Singh G. Performance evaluation of after cooler in diesel engines—a case study. IE(I) J. 1999;19(6):625–39.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Intelligent material Pvt. Ltd. www.nanoshel.com.

  78. Bergman TL, Incropera FP, Lavine AS. Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer. New Jersey: Wiley; 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Shah RK, London AL. Laminar flow forced convection in ducts: a source book for compact heat exchanger analytical data, vol. 1. London: Academic press; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Wang XQ, Mujumdar AS. Heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids: a review. Int J Therm Sci. 2007;46(1):1–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Pak BC, Cho YI. Hydrodynamic and heat transfer study of dispersed fluids with submicron metallic oxide particles. Exp Heat Transf Int J. 1998;11(2):151–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Mahbubul IM, Saidur R, Amalina MA. Latest developments on the viscosity of nanofluids. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2012;55(4):874–85.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Li W, Wang X. Heat transfer and pressure drop correlations for compact heat exchangers with multi-region louver fins. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2010;53(15):2955–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Peyghambarzadeh SM, Hashemabadi SH, Hoseini SM, Jamnani MS. Experimental study of heat transfer enhancement using water/ethylene glycol based nanofluids as a new coolant for car radiators. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf. 2011;38(9):1283–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author would like to give a sincere thanks to Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering of DAV University, Thapar University, and Intelligent Solutions Private Limited for providing us complete resources for thermal analysis, measuring non-destructive testing, etc.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Regional Center for extension and Development, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (C.S.I.R) - C.L.R.I, Jalandhar, India

    Shubham Sharma

Authors
  1. Shubham Sharma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shubham Sharma.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this article.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 575 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sharma, S. Fabricating an experimental setup to investigate the performance of an automobile car radiator by using aluminum/water nanofluid. J Therm Anal Calorim 133, 1387–1406 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7224-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7224-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation