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Syntheses, characterization, measurement and modeling viscosity of nanofluids containing OH-functionalized MWCNTs and their composites with soft metal (Ag, Au and Pd) in water, ethylene glycol and water/ethylene glycol mixture

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Abstract

In this study, an experimental study on the effect of temperature and particles concentration on the dynamic viscosity of MWCNT-OH and their composites with Ag, Au and Pd in water, ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol/water (60:40 vol%) is presented. The experiments were carried out in the solid weight fraction range of 0.0125–0.1 under the temperature range from 10 to 40 °C. The results show that the nanofluids behave as a Newtonian fluid for all solid mass fractions and temperatures considered. In addition, the dynamic viscosity increases with increasing the solid mass fraction and decreases with the temperature rising. Additionally, the performance of the artificial neural network (ANN) based on back propagation training with 20 neurons in hidden layer for predicting of behavior of above mention nanofluids was investigated. The AAD% of a collection of 192 data points for all nanofluids using the ANN at various temperatures, solid mass fractions, viscosity of based fluids, molar mass of based fluids and diameter of nanoparticles is 0.98%.

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Abbreviations

nf:

Nanofluid

bf:

Base fluid

ANN:

Artificial neural network

MLP:

Multilayer perceptron

MSE:

Mean square error

AAD:

Absolute average deviation

MARE:

Mean average relative error

R 2 :

Coefficient of determination

W :

Weight

b :

Bias

Rel:

Relative

Exp:

Experimental

MWCNT:

Multiwalled carbon nanotube

T :

Temperature (°C)

k :

Thermal conductivity (W mK−1)

d :

Size of nanoparticle (nm)

Wm:

Molar mass (g mol−1)

ρ :

Density (g cm−3)

φ :

Solid mass fraction (mass%)

τ :

Shear stress(dyne cm−2)

µ :

Viscosity (mP s)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj, 75918-74831, Iran

    Mitra Moghaddari & Fakhri Yousefi

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  1. Mitra Moghaddari
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  2. Fakhri Yousefi
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Correspondence to Fakhri Yousefi.

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Moghaddari, M., Yousefi, F. Syntheses, characterization, measurement and modeling viscosity of nanofluids containing OH-functionalized MWCNTs and their composites with soft metal (Ag, Au and Pd) in water, ethylene glycol and water/ethylene glycol mixture. J Therm Anal Calorim 135, 83–96 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7150-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7150-x

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