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The effect of ultrasound-assisted vacuum drying on the drying rate and quality of red peppers

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Abstract

Ultrasound-assisted vacuum (USV) drying is a promising method to increase heat and mass transfer rate. This study aimed to examine effects of USV drying on the drying rate and some quality parameters of red peppers at 45, 55, 65, and 75 °C. The results were compared with USV control drying (vacuum drying without ultrasound treatment) and the other drying methods. The USV drying shortened the drying period to 25% and increased the effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) to 89% when compared by USV control drying. The dehydration kinetics of the red peppers were successfully described using seven thin layer drying models for all of the dehydration methods, and the logarithmic model had the best fit for the USV drying, with highest R2 and lowest RMSE values. The total yeast and mold counts were significantly reduced following the USV drying in comparison with the USV control drying. This study suggested that USV drying could be used effectively in drying of red pepper with high drying rate and no significant bioactive compound degradation compared to USV control.

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Abbreviations

D eff :

Effective moisture diffusivity/m2 s−1

R 2 :

Correlation coefficient

RMSE:

Root-mean-square error

MR:

Moisture ratio/dry basis

X t :

Moisture content at t/kg-water kg-dry matter−1

X e :

Moisture content at equilibrium (kg-water kg-dry matter−1)

X 0 :

Moisture content at initial/kg-water kg-dry matter−1

χ 2 :

Chi-square

L :

The thickness of red pepper samples/m

D 0 :

The pre-exponential constant/m2 s−1

E a :

The activation energy/kJ mol−1

R :

Ideal gas constant/8.314 J mol−1 K−1

T :

Drying temperature/K

DR:

Drying rate/kg-water h−1m−2

t:

Drying time/h

h:

Hours

X :

Moisture content/kg-water kg-dry matter−1

L s :

Dry matter of the peppers/kg

S :

Total surface area of all red peppers in one container/m2

RR :

The rehydration ratio

ΔE* :

The total color differences

ΔL* :

Lightness difference/L *sample  − L *standard

Δa* :

Red/green difference/a *sample  − a *standard

Δb* :

Yellow/blue difference/b *sample  − b *standard

C* :

The chroma

GAE:

Gallic acid equivalents/mg g-dry matter−1

0:

Initial

e:

Equilibrium

eff:

Effective

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul Aydin University, 34295, Istanbul, Turkey

    Zeynep Hazal Tekin & Mehmet Baslar

  2. Food Engineering Department, Chemical and Metallurgical Faculty, Yildiz Technical University, 34210, Istanbul, Turkey

    Zeynep Hazal Tekin

Authors
  1. Zeynep Hazal Tekin
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Correspondence to Zeynep Hazal Tekin.

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Tekin, Z.H., Baslar, M. The effect of ultrasound-assisted vacuum drying on the drying rate and quality of red peppers. J Therm Anal Calorim 132, 1131–1143 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-6991-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-6991-7

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