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Correlation between oxygen vacancies and room-temperature ferromagnetism in Ti0.94Co0.03La0.03O2 nanoparticles influenced by different post annealing treatment

  • Original Paper: Sol-gel and hybrid materials for dielectric, electronic, magnetic and ferroelectric applications
  • Published:
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Abstract

The correlation between oxygen vacancies and room-temperature ferromagnetism in Ti0.94Co0.03La0.03O2 nanoparticles is investigated by treating the samples in different post annealing process. Ti0.94Co0.03La0.03O2 nanoparticles were prepared via sol–gel method followed by post annealing under vacuum or in air. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, Raman spectra, and magnetic measurement techniques, respectively. The characterizations confirmed the incorporation of substituting Co and La atoms into anatase TiO2 lattice. More oxygen vacancies were introduced into Ti0.94Co0.03La0.03O2 when annealed under vacuum. The vacuum annealed sample exhibits typical ferromagnetic behavior with well-defined hysteresis loops and a saturation magnetization, while the air annealed sample displays feebler ferromagnetism, which is transformed to paramagnetism afterwards when further annealed in air. All measurements strongly support the decisive role of oxygen vacancies in inducing room-temperature ferromagnetism in Ti0.94Co0.03La0.03O2, which can be explained using the bound magnetic polaron model.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Open Fund of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials (No. QMNEM1610).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China

    Hong Zhang, Meixiang Chen, Yuzhu Wang & Yibing Wu

Authors
  1. Hong Zhang
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  2. Meixiang Chen
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  3. Yuzhu Wang
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  4. Yibing Wu
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Correspondence to Hong Zhang.

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Highlights

  • Ti0.94Co0.03La0.03O2 samples were prepared by sol–gel method and annealed in air or vacuum.

  • The room-temperature ferromagnetism varies with different post annealing treatment

  • Oxygen vacancies play the decisive role in inducing room-temperature ferromagnetism.

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Zhang, H., Chen, M., Wang, Y. et al. Correlation between oxygen vacancies and room-temperature ferromagnetism in Ti0.94Co0.03La0.03O2 nanoparticles influenced by different post annealing treatment. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 86, 162–169 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-018-4625-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-018-4625-y

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