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Preparation and characterization of the system NiMn2O4/TiO2 by sol–gel: application to the photodegradation of benzamide under visible light

  • Original Paper: Sol-gel and hybrid materials for catalytic, photoelectrochemical and sensor applications
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Abstract

Benzamide is successfully degraded on the novel heterosystem NiMn2O4/TiO2 under visible light. The nanosized spinel is synthesized by the sol–gel method at ~850 °C. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows narrow peaks and the oxides are well crystallized. The Mott–Schottky plot (C−2−E) of NiMn2O4 is characteristic of p-type conductivity from which a flat-band potential of −0.20 VSCE is obtained. The energy-band diagram, built from the physicochemical characterizations, predicts the electron transfer from the conduction to dissolved oxygen via TiO2. The loading of TiO2 with NiMn2O4 enhances the photoactivity and NiMn2O4 islands achieve a colloidal photochemical heterosystem, tested successfully for the light-induced benzamide degradation. The spinel dose and benzamide concentration are optimized. Under the ideal conditions, the rate of the benzamide disappearance is controlled by high-performance liquid chromatography. A conversion of 85% is reported in aerated benzamide solution (15 ppm) in less than 2 h under artificial light. This conversion rate increases up to 94% under solar light and the oxidation obeys to a first-order kinetics with a half-life of 53 min.

Photodegradation of benzamide on the heterosystem NiMn2O4/TiO2 under visible light.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Faculty of Chemistry for financial support of this research. They are grateful to N Taibi for the TEM analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Storage and Valorization of Renewable Energies, Faculty of Chemistry (USTHB), BP 32, 16111, Algiers, Algeria

    Gharib Rekhila, Yamina Gabes, Razika Brahimi, Yassine Bessekhouad, Ousama Mahroua & Mohamed Trari

  2. National Veterinary High School, BP 161, Algiers, Algeria

    Yassine Bessekhouad

Authors
  1. Gharib Rekhila
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  2. Yamina Gabes
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  3. Razika Brahimi
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  4. Yassine Bessekhouad
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  5. Ousama Mahroua
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  6. Mohamed Trari
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Correspondence to Gharib Rekhila.

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Highlights

  • The benzamide was photodegraded on the hetero-system NiMn2O4/TiO2 synthesized by sol gel.

  • The direct optical transition (1.75 eV) makes the spinel NiMn2O4 attractive for the light energy conversion.

  • The benzamide elimination, controlled by HPLC, follows a first order kinetic with a rate half-life of 53 min.

  • The improved photocatalytic performance is due to the electrons transfer NiMn2O4/TiO2.

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Rekhila, G., Gabes, Y., Brahimi, R. et al. Preparation and characterization of the system NiMn2O4/TiO2 by sol–gel: application to the photodegradation of benzamide under visible light. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 85, 677–683 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-018-4598-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-018-4598-x

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