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Photocatalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol on in situ fluorinated sol–gel TiO2 under UV irradiation using Na2SO3 as reducing agent

  • Original Paper: Sol-gel and hybrid materials for catalytic, photoelectrochemical and sensor applications
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Abstract

The in situ fluorination of the TiO2 semiconductor was performed via sol–gel method. Photocatalysts with different fluoride percentage were synthesized using ammonium fluoride as hydrolysis catalyst and as anionic precursor. For comparison, sol–gel TiO2 was also studied as a reference material. The solids were characterized using several techniques in order to analyze their structural, textural and optical properties. The fluorination of the TiO2 favored the preferential formation of the anatase phase and an increase in the crystallinity; in contrast, a decrease in the specific surface area was observed. The photocatalytic activity of the materials was evaluated in the 4-nitrophenol photoreduction to 4-aminophenol using Na2SO3 as reducing agent under UV light irradiation. It was found that the generation of the ≡Ti–F surface species increased the photocatalytic properties of the semiconductor; thus, the 4-nitrophenol photoreduction rate using the fluorinated solids was higher compared with the sol–gel TiO2 and Degussa P-25. Favorable efficiency in the photoreduction of the 4-NP molecule after the recycling experiments of the photocatalyst was observed.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the support granted by the project Sep-Integración de redes temáticas de colaboración académica 103.5/15/14156. The authors also are grateful to the PhD Raul Pérez from ININ Institute by the XPS. Claudia Castañeda would like to thank CONACyT for a scholarship Granted (Number 287123).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Depto. de Química, Área de Catálisis, Grupo ECOCATAL, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No 186, 09340, Mexico, D.F., Mexico

    Claudia Castañeda, Francisco Tzompantzi & Ricardo Gómez

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  1. Claudia Castañeda
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  2. Francisco Tzompantzi
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  3. Ricardo Gómez
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Correspondence to Claudia Castañeda.

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Castañeda, C., Tzompantzi, F. & Gómez, R. Photocatalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol on in situ fluorinated sol–gel TiO2 under UV irradiation using Na2SO3 as reducing agent. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 80, 426–435 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-016-4104-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-016-4104-2

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