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Effect of Zn2+ ions on the structure, morphology and optical properties of CaWO4 microcrystals

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Abstract

The effect of zinc ions (Zn2+) on the structure, morphology and optical properties of (Ca1−x Zn x )WO4 microcrystals with (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03) obtained by the microwave-hydrothermal method at 170 °C for 1 h is reported in this letter. These microcrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, energy dispersive X-rays spectroscopy (EDXS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images. The optical properties were investigated by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. XRD patterns and Rietveld refinement data indicated that all the (Ca1−x Zn x )WO4 microcrystals present a tetragonal structure and a reduction of lattice parameters and unit cell volume occurs with the increase of Zn2+. EDXS data confirms that the elemental chemical composition was achieved for (Ca1−x Zn x )WO4 microcrystals. FE-SEM images showed that the replacement of Ca2+ by the Zn2+ promotes a reduction of average crystals size and considerable changes in crystal shape starting from dumbbell-like to decorative ball-like (Ca1−x Zn x )WO4 microcrystals. UV–Vis spectra evidenced a small increase in optical band gap values (from 5.72 to 5.76 eV). Finally, PL emission of (Ca1−x Zn x )WO4 microcrystals was improved until x = 0.02 due to the presence of defects at medium range and new intermediate electronic levels in the band gap associated to the Zn2+ content.

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Acknowledgments

The Brazilian authors acknowledge the financial support of the Brazilian research financing institutions: CNPq (479644/2012-8; 304531/2013-8), FAPESP (12/18597-0; 09/50303-4; 2013/07296-2), and CAPES.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Coordenação de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, 65080-805, Brazil

    M. A. P. Almeida & J. R. O. Lima

  2. Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil

    C. Morila-Santos

  3. MAv–DF UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil

    P. N. Lisboa Filho

  4. Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, CEP. 13560-970, Brazil

    M. Siu Li

  5. Instituto de Química, UNESP (Universidade Estadual Paulista), Araraquara, SP, 14800-900, Brazil

    E. Longo

  6. CCN-DQ-GERATEC, Universidade Estadual do Piauí, R. João Cabral, N. 2231, P.O. Box 381, Teresina, PI, 64002-150, Brazil

    L. S. Cavalcante

Authors
  1. M. A. P. Almeida
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  2. J. R. O. Lima
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  3. C. Morila-Santos
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  4. P. N. Lisboa Filho
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  5. M. Siu Li
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  6. E. Longo
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  7. L. S. Cavalcante
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to L. S. Cavalcante.

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Almeida, M.A.P., Lima, J.R.O., Morila-Santos, C. et al. Effect of Zn2+ ions on the structure, morphology and optical properties of CaWO4 microcrystals. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 72, 648–654 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-014-3550-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-014-3550-y

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