Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Optical and transport phenomena in CdO:La films prepared by sol-gel method

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A series of lightly La-doped CdO thin films (1%, 5%, and 7%) have been prepared by a spin coater sol-gel technique on amorphous glass and crystalline Si substrates. Those prepared films were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-VIS-NIR absorption spectroscopy, and dc-electrical measurements. The investigation shows that La doping grows slightly the CdO lattice parameter and decreases the intrinsic energygap from 2.1 eV to 1.7 eV. The optical properties were easily explained in the framework of classical Drude theory and thus all the corresponding parameters were determined. The electrical behaviour of the samples shows that they are degenerate semiconductors until the atomic percentage of the La dopant was 7% then the sample was converted into a non-degenerate semiconductor. Generally, it was observed that the conductivity and mobility of the carriers were decreased by increasing the La content in the CdO film samples.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Chopra KL, Ranjan Das S (1993) Thin film solar cells. Plenum Press, NY

    Google Scholar 

  2. Choi YS, Lee CG, Cho SM (1996) Thin Solid Films 289:153

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Carballeda-Galicia DM, Castanedo-Perez R, Jimenez-Sandoval O, Jimenez-Sandoval S, Torres-Delgado G, Zuniga-Romero CI (2000) Thin Solid Films 371:105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Zhao Z, Morel DL, Ferekides CS (2002) Thin Solid Films 413:203

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Su LM, Grote N, Schmitt F (1984) Electron Lett 20:716

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Gomez Daza O, Arias-Carbajal Readigos A, Campos J, Nair MTS, Nair PK (2001) Mod Phys Lett B 17:609

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ortega M, Santane G, Morales-Acevedo A (1999) Superficies Vacio 9:294

    Google Scholar 

  8. Lewis BJ, Paine DC (2000) Mater Res Soc Bull 25:22

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Yan M, Lane M, Kannewurf CR, Chang RPH (2001) Appl Phys Lett 78:2342

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kondo R, Okhimura H, Sakai Y (1971) Jpn J Appl Phys 10:1547

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Burstein E (1954) Phys Rev 93:632

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Moss TS (1954) Proc Phys Soc Lond B67:775

    Google Scholar 

  13. Freeman AJ, Poeppelmeier KR, Mason TO, Chang RPH, Marks TJ (2000) Mater Res Soc Bull 25:45

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Maity R, Chattopadhyay KK (2006) Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 90:597

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Shu S, Yang Y, Medvedova JE, Ireland JR, Metz AW, Ni J, Kannewurf CR, Freeman AJ, Tobin TJ (2004) J Am Chem Soc 126:13787

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Yang Yu, Shu SJ, Medvedeva JE, Ireland JR, Metz AW, Jun N, Hersam MC, Freeman AJ, Marks TJ (2005) J Am Chem Soc 127:8796

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Ferro R, Rodriguez JA (1999) Thin Solid Films 347:295

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Kittel C (1995) Introduction to solid state physics, 7th ed., John Wiley & Sons Inc., NY, p 78

  19. Subramanyam TK, Uthanna S, Naidu BS (1998) Mater Lett 35:214

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Reddy KTR, Sravani C, Miles RW (1998) J Cryst Growth 184/185:1031

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Liu H, Mao H-K, Somayazulu M, Ding Y, Meng Y, Hausermann D (2004) Phys Rev B70:094110

    Google Scholar 

  22. Phatak G, Lai R (1992) Thin Solid Films 209:240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Tanaka K, Kunioka A, Sakai Y (1969) Jpn J Appl Phys 8:681

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Kaelble EF (ed) (1967) Handbook of X-rays for diffraction, emission, absorption, and microscopy. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 17–5

    Google Scholar 

  25. Chu TL, Chu SS (1990) J Electron Mater 19:1003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Gurumurugan K, Mangalaraj D, Narayandass Sa K (1996) J Electron Mater 25:765

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Varkey AJ, Fort AF (1994) Thin Solid Films 239:211

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Reddy KTR, Shanthini GM, Johnston D, Miles RW (2003) Thin solid films 427:397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Li X, Young DL, Moutinho H, Yan Y, Narayanswamy C, Gessert TA, Coutts TJ (2001) Electrochem Solid-state Lett 4:C43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Hong WQ (1989) J Phys D: Appl Phys 22:1384

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Rodríguez J, Gómez M, Ederth J, Niklasson GA, Granqvist CG (2000) Thin Solid Films 365:119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Laaziz Y, Bennouna A, Chahboun N, Outzourhit A, Ameziane EL (2000) Thin Sold Films 372:149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Tauc J (1969) In: Abeles F (ed) Optical properties of solids. North Holland

  34. Davis EA, Mott NF (1970) Philos Mag 22:903

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Nohira H, Shiraishi T, Takahashi K, Hattori T, Kashiwagi I, Ohshima C, Ohmi S, Iwai H, Joumori S, Nakajima K, Suzuki M, Kimura K (2004) Appl Surf Sci 234:493

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Kawamura K, Maekawa K, Yanagi H, Hirano M, Hosono H (2003) Thin Solid Films 445:182

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Wolf PA (1962) Phys Rev 126:405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Qiao Z, Agashe C, Mergel D (2006) Thin Solid Films 496:520

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Mergel D, Qiao Z (2002) J Phys D: Appl Phys 35:794

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Ferro R, Rodriguez JA (2000) Sol Energy Sol Cells 64:363

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Singh AV, Mehra RM (2001) J Appl Phys 90:5661

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Xu C, Bai L, Giles NC (2006) J Phys: Condens Matter 18:2741

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Heavens OS (1991) Optical properties of thin Solid films. Dover publication, New York

    Google Scholar 

  44. Ueda N, Maeda H, Hosono H, Kawazoe H (1998) J Appl Phys 84:6174

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Asahi R, Wang A, Babcock JR, Edleman NL, Metza W, Lane MA, Dravid VP, Kannewurf CR, Freeman AJ, Marks TJ Proceeding of the International symposium on transparent oxide thin films for electronics and optics, Tokyo, Japan, Nov. 8–9, 2001

  46. Gurumurugan K, Mangalaraj D, Narayandass SK, Sekar K, Vallabhan CPG (1994) Semicond Sci Technol 9:1827

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Hartnagel HL, Dawar AL, Jain AK, Jagadish G (1995) Semiconducting transparent thin films. IOP, Bristol

    Google Scholar 

  48. Brewer SH, Franzen SJ (2002) J Alloys Compd 338:73

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Bahrain, P.O. Box 32038, Isa Town, Kingdom of Bahrain

    A. A. Dakhel

  2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, P.O. Box 32038, Isa Town, Kingdom of Bahrain

    A. Y. Ali-Mohamed

Authors
  1. A. A. Dakhel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. Y. Ali-Mohamed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. A. Dakhel.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dakhel, A.A., Ali-Mohamed, A.Y. Optical and transport phenomena in CdO:La films prepared by sol-gel method. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 44, 241–247 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-007-1615-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-007-1615-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation