Abstract
Hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC)–titania hybrid thin films were prepared by sol–gel method where titanium tetraisopropoxide Ti(OC3H i7 )4 was hydrolyzed under acidic conditions in the presence of HPC, followed by dip-coating and drying at 120 °C for 24 h. The viscosity average molecular weight of HPC was 55,000–70,000 or 110,000–150,000, and the TiO2/(HPC + TiO2) mass ratio ranged from 0 to 1, which was calculated on the assumption that all Ti(OC3H i7 )4 is converted into TiO2. The films were 0.35–1.0 μm thick, transparent in visible region and opaque in ultraviolet (UV) region, where the optical absorption coefficient in UV region increased with increasing titania content. The refractive index increased with increasing titania content, ranging from 1.6 to 1.8 for the hybrid thin films. The pencil hardness increased from 6B to 5H, the durability in hot water significantly increased and the contact angle of water on films increased from 35° to 89° with increasing titania content. Crack-free films could be deposited on organic polymer substrates irrespective of titania or HPC contents, where cracking did not occur at higher HPC contents even when the substrate was bent.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sequeira S, Evtuguin DV, Portugal I, Esculcas AP (2007) Mater Sci Eng C-Biomim Supramol Syst 27:172
Ruan D, Huang QL, Zhang LN (2005) Macromol Mater Eng 290:1017
Garvey SJ, Anand SC, Rowe T, Horrocks AR, Walker DG (1996) Polym Degrad Stab 54:413
Neyestanaki AK, Lindfors LE (1994) Combust Sci Technol 97:121
Wojciechowski P, Halamus T, Pietsch U (2006) Mater Sci Poland 24:507
Yano S, Iwata K, Kurita K (1998) Mater Sci Eng C-Biomim Supramol Syst 6:75
Nagpal VJ, Davis RM, Desu SB (1995) J Mater Res 10:3068
Zhao G, Tian Q, Liu Q, Han G (2005) Surf Coat Technol 198:55
Borgo CA, Lazarin AM, Kholin YV, Landers R, Gushikem Y (2004) J Brazilian Chem Soc 15:50
Kelley SS, Filley J, Greenberg AR, Peterson P, Krantz WB (2002) Int J Polym Anal Character 7:162
Lazarin AM, Gushikem Y (2002) J Brazilian Chem Soc 13:88
Shojaie SS, Rials TG, Kelley SS (1996) J Appl Polym Sci 6:151
Yoshinaga I, Katayama S (1996) J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 6:151
Ravirajan P, Bradley DDC, Nelson J, Haque SA, Durrant JR, Smit HJP, Kroon JM (2005) Appl Phys Lett 86:143101
Xiong MN, Zhou SX, You B, Wu LM (2005) J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 43:63
Agag T, Tsuchiya H, Takeichi T (2004) Polymer 45:7903
Schnitzler DC, Zarbin AJG (2004) J Brazilian Chem Soc 15:378
Strohm H, Sgraja M, Bertling J, Lobmann P (2003) J Mater Sci 38:1605
Kwak SY, KimSH, Kim SS (2001) Environ Sci Technol 35:2388
Ding HM, Ram MK, Nicolini C (2002) J Mater Chem 12:3585
Ding HM, Ram MK, Nicolini C (2001) J Nanosci Nanotechnol 1:207
Ahmad Z, Sarwar MI, Wang S, Mark JE (1997) Polymer 38:4523
Almeida RM, Marques AC (1994) In: Sakka S (ed) Handbook of sol–gel science and technology: processing and characterization and applications, vol II. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, p 81
Colthup NB, Daly LH, Wiberly SE (1990) Introduction to infrared and raman spectroscopy, 3rd edn. Academic Press, San Diego
Cabana A, Aït-Kadi A, Juhász J (1997) J Colloid Interf Sci 190:307
Stoyanov ES, Reed CA (2004) J Phys Chem A 108:907
Derosa RL, Trapasso JA (2002) J Mater Sci 37:1079
Acknowledgments
This work is financially supported by the High Technology Research Center of Kansai University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kusabe, M., Kozuka, H., Abe, S. et al. Sol–gel preparation and properties of hydroxypropylcellulose–titania hybrid thin films. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 44, 111–118 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-007-1607-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-007-1607-x