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Nuclear reaction cross sections for proton therapy applications

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Abstract

Nuclear reactions of high-energy protons with treatment equipment, air, and patient tissue during proton therapy generate residual radioactivity and secondary particles including protons, deuterons, alphas, and neutrons. The most up-to-date versions of INCL++ (v5.2.9), TALYS (v1.8), EMPIRE (v3.2.2 Malta), and ALICE/ASH were used in this study to calculate the excitation functions of proton-induced reactions with carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, aluminum, calcium, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, and lead nuclei. The cross sections of different nuclear reaction mechanisms, gamma particles, and residual radionuclides were calculated. The obtained results were compared with available experimental data and the ENDF/B-VII.1.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Prof. Davide Mancusi (CEA, Centre de Saclay, IRFU/SPhN, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France), Prof. Arjan Koning (Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group, Petten, The Netherlands), Prof. Michal Herman (National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY), and Prof. Viktor Zerkin (NDS, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria) for technical supports and providing the most up-to-date versions of INC++, TALYS and EMPIRE codes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan

    Milad Enferadi, Chuan-Jong Tung, Tsi-Chian Chao, Chung-Chi Lee & Shiaw-Pyng Wey

  2. Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto-Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal

    Saber Sarbazvatan

  3. Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

    Mahdi Sadeghi

  4. Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan

    Ji-Hong Hong & Chung-Chi Lee

  5. Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan

    Ji-Hong Hong

  6. Medical Physics Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan

    Chuan-Jong Tung & Tsi-Chian Chao

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  1. Milad Enferadi
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Enferadi, M., Sarbazvatan, S., Sadeghi, M. et al. Nuclear reaction cross sections for proton therapy applications. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 314, 1207–1235 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-017-5503-8

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