Abstract
The Dash of Faith pilot used a community-based participatory research approach to design an experiential dietary intervention based on two African-American churches, one intervention and one comparison. Congregation members identified components that were incorporated into 12 weekly and 4 monthly sessions, with a goal of increasing fruit and vegetable and lowering fat intake. At 2 months, a marginally significant (p = 0.07) increase in fruit and vegetable consumption was observed in the intervention group but was not maintained at study conclusion. We propose that these mixed findings may be attributable, in part, to bias introduced by the participatory nature of the design.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adams, S. A., Matthews, C. E., Ebbeling, C. B., Moore, C. G., Cunningham, J. E., Fulton, J., et al. (2005). The effect of social desirability and social approval on self-reports of physical activity. American Journal Epidemiology, 161(4), 389–398.
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2009). Activities using community-based participatory research to address health care disparities. Retrieved December 12, 2011, from www.ahrq.gov.
Ammerman, A., et al. (2002). The PRAISE! project: A church-based nutrition intervention designed for cultural appropriateness, sustainability, and diffusion. Health Promotion Practice, 3, 286–301.
Austin, S. A., & Claiborne, N. (2011). Faith wellness collaboration: A community-based approach to address type II diabetes disparities in an African-American community. Social Work in Health Care, 50(5), 360–375.
Baker, H. (2007). Nutrition in the elderly: Nutritional aspects of chronic diseases. Geriatrics, 62(9), 21–25.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Baruth, M., Wilcox, S., & Condrasky, M. D. (2011). Perceived environmental church support is associated with dietary practices among African-American adults. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 111, 889–893.
Berkow, S. E., & Barnard, N. (2006). Vegetarian diets and weight status. Nutrition Reviews, 64(4), 175–188.
Birkett, D., Johnson, D., Thompson, J. R., & Oberg, D. (2004). Reaching low-income families: Focus group results provide direction for a behavioral approach to WIC services. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 104(8), 1227–12280.
Campbell, M. K., Demark-Wahnefried, W., Symons, M., Kalsbeek, W. D., Dodds, J., Cowan, A., et al. (1999). Fruit and vegetable consumption and prevention of cancer: The Black Churches United for Better Health project. American Journal of Public Health, 89(9), 1390–1396.
Campbell, M. K., Hudson, M. A., Resnicow, K., Blakeney, N., Paxton, A., & Baskin, M. (2007). Church-based health promotion interventions: Evidence and lessons learned. Annual Review of Public Health, 28, 213–234.
Campbell, M. K., James, A., Hudson, M. A., Carr, C., Jackson, E., Oates, V., et al. (2004). Improving multiple behaviors for colorectal cancer prevention among African American church members. Health Psychology, 23(5), 492–502.
Campbell, M. K., Motsinger, B. M., Ingram, A., Jewell, D., Makarushka, C., Beatty, B., et al. (2000). The North Carolina Black Churches United for Better Health project: Intervention and process evaluation. Health Education and Behavior, 27(2), 241–253.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2002). Behavior risk factor surveillance system survey questionnaire. Georgia: Atlanta.
Coates, R. J., Bowen, D. J., Alan, K. R., & Ziding, F. (1999). The women’s health trial feasibility study in minority populations: Changes in dietary intake. American Journal of Epidemiology, 149(12), 1104–1112.
Connet, J. E., & Stamler, J. (1984). Responses of black and white males to the special intervention program of the multiple risk factor intervention trial. American Heart Journal, 108, 839–848.
Danaei, G., Ding, E. L., Mozaffarian, D., Taylor, B., Rehm, J., et al. (2009). The preventable causes of death in the United States: Comparative risk assessment of dietary, lifestyle, and metabolic risk factors [Electronic Version]. PLoS Medicine, 6, e1000058.
DeHaven, M. J., et al. (2004). Health programs in faith-based organizations: Are they effective? American Journal of Public Health, 94(6), 1030–1036.
Dossus, L., & Kaaks, R. (2008). Nutrition, metabolic factors and cancer risk. Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 22(4), 551–557.
Everitt, A. V., Hilmer, S. N., Brand-Miller, J. C., Jamieson, H. A., Truswell, A. S., Sharma, A. P., et al. (2006). Dietary approaches that delay age-related diseases. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 1(1), 11–31.
Faridi, Z., Shuval, K., Njike, V. Y., Katz, J. A., Jennings, G., Williams, M., et al. (2009). Partners reducing effects of diabetes (PREDICT): A diabetes prevention physical activity and dietary intervention through African-American churches. Health Education Research,. doi:10.1093/her/cyp1005.
Fraser, G. E. (2009). Vegetarian diets: What do we know of their effects on common chronic diseases? The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 89, 1607S–1612S.
Fulkerson, J. A., Story, M., Neumark-Sztainer, D., & Rydell, S. (2008). Family meals: Perceptions of benefits and challenges among parents of 8- to 10-year-old children. Journal of the American Dietetic Assocication, 108(4), 706–709.
Galimanis, A., Mono, M.-L., Arnold, M., Nedeltchev, K., & Mattle, H. P. (2009). Lifestyle and stroke risk: A review. Current Opinion in Neurology, 22, 60–68.
Germov, J., & Williams, L. (1996). The epidemic of dieting in women: The need for a sociological approach to food and nutrition. Appetite, 27, 97–108.
Go, V. L., Wong, D. A., & Butrum, R. (2001). Diet, nutrition, and cancer prevention: Where are we going from here? Journal of Nutrition, 131, 3121S–3126S.
Greene, G. W., Resnicow, K., Thompson, F. E., Peterson, K. E., Hurley, T. G., Hebert, J. R., et al. (2008). Correspondence of the NCI fruit and vegetable screener to repeat 24-H recalls and serum carotenoids in behavioral intervention trials. Journal of Nutrition, 138(1), 200S–204S.
Harmon, B. E., Blake, C., Hebert, J. R., Wilcox, S., Thrasher, J. (2011). Strategy for the assessment of media and physical environment using a faith-based example. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 111(9), A-82.
Hebert, J. R., Ebbeling, C. B., & Matthews, C. E. (2002). Social desirability and approval-related biases in middle-aged women’s estimates of energy intake: Comparing structured dietary questionnaires to total energy expenditure from doubly labeled water. Public Health Nutrition, 5, 1065.
Hebert, J. R., Ebbeling, C. B., Ockene, I. S., Ma, Y., Rider, L., Merriam, P. A., et al. (1999). A dietitian-delivered group nutrition program leads to reductions in dietary fat, serum cholesterol, and body weight: Findings from the Worcester Area Trial for Counseling in Hyperlipidemia (WATCH). Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 99, 544–552.
Hebert, J. R., Ma, Y., Clemow, L., Ockene, I. S., Saperia, G., Stanek, E. J., et al. (1997). Gender differences in social desirability and social approval bias in dietary self report. American Journal of Epidemiology, 146, 1046–1055.
Hebert, J. R., Peterson, K. E., Hurley, T. G., Stoddard, A. M., Cohen, N., Field, A. E., et al. (2001). The effect of social desirability trait on self-reported dietary measures among multi-ethnic female health center employees. Annals of Epidemiology, 11, 417–427.
Israel, B. A., Schulz, A. J., Parker, E. A., & Becker, A. B. (1998). Review of community-based research: Assessing partnership approaches to improve public health. Annual Review of Public Health, 19, 173–202.
Kahn, R., Robertson, R. M., Smith, R., & Eddy, D. (2008). The impact of prevention on reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care, 31, 1686–1696.
Kaplan, S. A., Ruddock, C., Golub, M., & Davis, J. (2009). Stirring up the mud: Using a community-based participatory approach to address health disparities through a faith-based initiative. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 20(4), 1111–1123.
Kegler, M. C., et al. (2010). Perceptions of social and environmental support for healthy eating and physical activity in rural southern churches. Journal of Religion and Health,. doi:10.1007/s10943-010-9394-z.
Kim, K. H., Linnan, L., Campbell, M. K., Brooks, C., Koenig, H. G., & Wiesen, C. (2008). The WORD (wholeness, oneness, righteousness, deliverance): A faith-based weight-loss program utilizing a community-based participatory research approach. Health Education and Behavior, 35, 634–650.
Kotechi, C. N. (2002). Developing a health promotion program for faith-based communities. Holistic Nursing Practice, 16(3), 61–69.
Kristal, A. R., Patterson, R. E., Glanz, K., Heimendinger, J., Hebert, J. R., Feng, Z., et al. (1995). Psychosocial correlates of healthful diets: Baseline results from the working well study. Preventive Medicine, 24, 221–228.
Krummel, D. A., Koffman, D. M., Bronner, Y., Davis, J., Greenlund, K., Tessaro, I., et al. (2001). Cardiovascular health interventions in women: What works? Journal of Women’s Health and Gender-Based Medicine, 10(2), 117–136.
Kumanyika, S., & Charleston, J. (1992). Lose Weight and Win: A church-based weight loss program for blood pressure control among black women. Patient Education and Counseling, 19(1), 19–32.
Larson, N. I., Perry, C. L., Story, M., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2006). Food preparation by young adults is associated with better diet quality. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 106(12), 2001–2007.
Levy, J., & Auld, G. (2004). Cooking classes outperform cooking demonstrations for college sophomores. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 36(4), 197–203.
Mamiya, L. (2006). River of struggle, river of freedom: Trends among black churches and black pastoral leadership. Durham, NC: Duke Divinity School.
Matthews, A. K., Sellergen, S. A., Manfriedi, C., & Williams, M. (2002). Factors influencing medical information seeking among African American cancer patients. Journal of Health Communication: International Perspectives, 7(3), 205–219.
McLeroy, K. R., Bibeau, D., Steckler, A., & Glanz, K. (1988). An ecological perspective on health promotion programs. Health Education Quarterly, 15, 351–377.
McNabb, W., Quinn, M., Kerver, J., Cook, S., & Karrison, T. (1997). The PATHWAYS church-based weight loss program for urban African-American women at risk for diabetes. Diabetes Care, 20(10), 1518–1523.
Minkler, M., & Wallerstein, N. (2003). Community-based participatory research for health. San Francisco, CA: Josey-Bass.
National Cancer Institute: Cancer Control and Population Sciences. (2009a). Fruit and vegetable screeners: Scoring the all day screener. From http://riskfactor.cancer.gov/diet/screeners/fruitveg/scoring/allday.html.
National Cancer Institute: Cancer Control and Population Sciences. (2009b). Percent energy from fat screener: Scoring procedures. From http://riskfactor.cancer.gov/diet/screeners/fat/.
National Center for Health Statistics. (2011). Health, United States 2011: With special feature on socioeconomic status and health. Retrieved June 1, 2012. From http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus11.pdf#glance.
Newman, V. A., Thomson, C. A., Rock, C. L., Flatt, S. W., Kealey, S., Bardwell, W. A., et al. (2005). Achieving substantial changes in eating behavior among women previously treated for breast cancer–an overview of the intervention. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 105(3), 382–391.
Peterson, J., Atwood, J. R., & Yates, B. (2002a). Key elements for church-based health promotion programs: Outcome-based literature review. Public Health Nursing, 19(6), 401–411.
Peterson, K. E., Hebert, J. R., Hurley, T. G., Resnicow, K., Thompson, F. E., Greene, G. W., et al. (2008). Accuracy and precision of two short screeners to assess change in fruit and vegetable consumption among diverse populations participating in health promotion intervention trials. Journal of Nutrition, 138(1), 218S–225S.
Peterson, K. E., Sorensen, G., Pearson, M., Hebert, J. R., Gottlieb, B. R., & McCormick, M. C. (2002b). Design of an intervention addressing multiple levels of influence on dietary and activity patterns of low-income, postpartum women. Health Education Research, 17(5), 531–540.
Popkin, B. M., Kim, S., Rusev, E. R., Du, S., & Zizza, C. (2006). Measuring the full economic costs of diet, physical activity, and obestiy-related chronic disease. Obesity Reviews, 7, 271–293.
Resnicow, K., Campbell, M. K., Carr, C., McCarty, F., Wang, T., Periasamy, S., et al. (2004). Body and Soul: A dietary intervention conducted through African-American churches. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 27(2), 97–105.
Resnicow, K., Jackson, A., Braithwaite, R., Dilario, C., Blisset, D., Rahotep, S., et al. (2002). Healthy body/healthy spirit: A church-based nutrition and physical activity intervention. Health Education Research, 17, 562–573.
Resnicow, K., Jackson, A., Wang, T., De, A. K., McCarty, F., Dudley, W. N., et al. (2001). A motivational interviewing intervention to increase fruit and vegetable intake through black churches: Results of the eat for life trial. American Journal of Public Health, 9(10), 1686–1693.
Resnicow, K., et al. (2005). Results of the healthy body, healthy spirit trial. Health Psychology, 24, 339–348.
Tercyak, K. P., & Tyc, V. L. (2006). Opportunities and challenges in the prevention and control of cancer and the chronic diseases: Children’s diet and nutrition and weight and physical activity. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 31(8), 750–763.
The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life. (2009). A religious portrait of African Americans. Retrieved April 15, 2011, from http://pewforum.org/docs/?DocID=389.
Thompson, F. E., Midthune, D., Williams, G. C., Yaroch, A. L., Hurley, T. G., Resnicow, K., et al. (2008). Evaluation of a short dietary assessment instrument for percentage energy from fat in an intervention study. Journal of Nutrition, 138(1), 193S–199S.
Viswanathan, M., Ammerman, A., Eng, E., Gartlehner, G., Lohr, K. N., Griffith D., et al. (2004). Community-based participatory research: Assessing the evidence. (No. AHRQ Publication 04-E022-1). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Wiist, W., & Flack, J. M. (1990). A church-based cholesterol education program. Public Health Reports, 105(4), 381–388.
Wilcox, S., Laken, M., Parrott, A. W., Condrasky, M., Saunders, R., Addy, C. L., et al. (2010). The faith, activity, and nutrition (FAN) program: Design of a participatory research intervention to increase physical activity and improve dietary habits in African American churches. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 31(4), 323–325.
Wilcox, S., et al. (2007). The Health-e-AME faith-based physical activity initiative: Description and baseline findings. Health Promotion Practice, 8, 69–78.
Williams, R. M., Glanz, K., Kegler, M. C., & Davis, E., Jr. (2009). A study of rural church health promotion environments: Leaders’ and members’ perspectives. Journal of Religion and Health,. doi:10.1007/s10943-10009-19306-10942.
Williams, G. C., Hurley, T. G., Thompson, F. E., Midthune, D., Yaroch, A. L., Resnicow, K., et al. (2008). Performance of a short percentage energy from fat tool in measuring change in dietary intervention studies. Journal of Nutrition, 138(1), 212S–217S.
Yanek, L. R., et al. (2001). Project Joy: Faith based cardiovascular health promotion for African American women. Public Health Reports, 116(Supplement 1), 68–81.
Yeary, K. H., Cornell, C. E., Turner, J., Moore, P., Bursac, Z., Prewitt, T. E., et al. (2011). Feasibility of an evidence-based weight loss intervention for a faith-based, rural, African American population. [Electronic Version]. Preventing Chronic Disease, 8. Retrieved January 9, 2011 from http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/10_0194.htm.
Young, D. R., & Stewart, K. J. (2006). A church-based physical activity intervention for African American women. Family and Community Health, 29(2), 103–117.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the University of South Carolina Office of Research; the National Cancer Institute (Community Networks Program) at the National Institutes of Health [1 U01 CA114601-01]; the National Cancer Institute (Community Networks Program Centers) at the National Institutes of Health [5 U54 CA153461-03]; and an Established Investigator Award in Cancer Prevention and Control from the Cancer Training Branch of the National Cancer Institute to JR Hébert (K05 CA136975). The authors wish to acknowledge the contribution of Ms. Isabel Law who was an active member of the research and writing team until her untimely death in 2008. She brought light to so many people in her battle against breast cancer. The world is just a little bit dimmer without her in it.
Conflict of interest
The authors report no conflict of interest pertaining to this submission.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Harmon, B.E., Adams, S.A., Scott, D. et al. Dash of Faith: A Faith-Based Participatory Research Pilot Study. J Relig Health 53, 747–759 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-012-9664-z
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-012-9664-z