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Hydroxylation of phenol over rare earth exchanged iron pillared montmorillonites

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Abstract

Iron pillared montmorillonite prepared by partial hydrolysis method was exchanged with La, Ce and Th metal salts. The pillared montmorillonite showed considerable increase in basal spacing and surface area. EDAX showed presence of about 2% rare earth metals. 27Al and 29Si NMR spectra showed relaxation effects due to iron paramagnetic centres. The prepared systems are excellent catalysts for hydroxylation of phenol underlining the use of environmentally friendly clay catalysts for effective removal of pollutants. A detailed study of reaction variables suggests that oxidation of phenol increases with temperature and maximum conversion is obtained at 80 °C. Hydroquinone selectivity increases with phenol and solvent concentrations but decreases with time.

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Acknowledgments

Financial assistance from UGC, New Delhi is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mahatma Gandhi University Regional Research Centre in Chemistry, Mar Athanasius College, Kothamangalam, 686666, India

    Manju Kurian, Mathew Joy & Deepthi Raj

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  1. Manju Kurian
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  2. Mathew Joy
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Correspondence to Manju Kurian.

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Kurian, M., Joy, M. & Raj, D. Hydroxylation of phenol over rare earth exchanged iron pillared montmorillonites. J Porous Mater 19, 633–640 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-011-9514-5

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