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L1-Based Reduced Over Collocation and Hyper Reduction for Steady State and Time-Dependent Nonlinear Equations

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Abstract

The task of repeatedly solving parametrized partial differential equations (pPDEs) in optimization, control, or interactive applications makes it imperative to design highly efficient and equally accurate surrogate models. The reduced basis method (RBM) presents itself as such an option. Accompanied by a mathematically rigorous error estimator, RBM carefully constructs a low-dimensional subspace of the parameter-induced high fidelity solution manifold on which an approximate solution is computed. It can improve efficiency by several orders of magnitudes leveraging an offline-online decomposition procedure. However this decomposition, usually implemented with aid from the empirical interpolation method (EIM) for nonlinear and/or parametric-nonaffine PDEs, can be challenging to implement, or results in severely degraded online efficiency. In this paper, we augment and extend the EIM approach as a direct solver, as opposed to an assistant, for solving nonlinear pPDEs on the reduced level. The resulting method, called Reduced Over-Collocation method (ROC), is stable and capable of avoiding efficiency degradation exhibited in traditional applications of EIM. Two critical ingredients of the scheme are collocation at about twice as many locations as the dimension of the reduced approximation space, and an efficient L1-norm-based error indicator for the strategic selection of the parameter values whose snapshots span the reduced approximation space. Together, these two ingredients ensure that the proposed L1-ROC scheme is both offline- and online-efficient. A distinctive feature is that the efficiency degradation appearing in alternative RBM approaches that utilize EIM for nonlinear and nonaffine problems is circumvented, both in the offline and online stages. Numerical tests on different families of time-dependent and steady-state nonlinear problems demonstrate the high efficiency and accuracy of L1-ROC and its superior stability performance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, 02747, MA, USA

    Yanlai Chen

  2. School of Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Lijie Ji

  3. Department of Mathematics, and Scientific Computing and Imaging (SCI) Institute, University of Utah, 72 S Central Campus Drive Room 3750, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, USA

    Akil Narayan

  4. School of Mathematical Sciences, Institute of Natural Sciences, and MOE-LSC, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Zhenli Xu

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  1. Yanlai Chen
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  4. Zhenli Xu
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Correspondence to Yanlai Chen.

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L. Ji and Z. Xu acknowledge the support from NSFC (grant Nos. 12071288 and 21773165), SSTC (grant No. 20JC1414100), and HPC center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Y. Chen was partially supported by National Science Foundation grant DMS-1719698 and by AFOSR grant FA9550-18-1-0383. L. Ji was partly supported by China Scholarship Council (CSC, No.201906230067) during the author’s one year visit at University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth. A. Narayan was partially supported by NSF award DMS-1848508. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMS-1439786 and by the Simons Foundation Grant No. 50736 while Y. Chen, L. Ji, and A. Narayan were in residence at the Institute for Computational and Experimental Research in Mathematics in Providence, RI, during the “Model and dimension reduction in uncertain and dynamic systems” program.

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Chen, Y., Ji, L., Narayan, A. et al. L1-Based Reduced Over Collocation and Hyper Reduction for Steady State and Time-Dependent Nonlinear Equations. J Sci Comput 87, 10 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10915-021-01416-z

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