Abstract
Experimentally observed with dielectric disk resonator technique, microwave absorption–amplification in liquid He II below \(\lambda \)-point has been interpreted theoretically as a phenomenon in electrically active dielectric medium with low-energy excitations which exist near the ground state of the four-electron He–He interatomic bond due to spin–spin and spin–phonon coupling. The experimentally registered microwave absorption line is \(f_0=180.3\,\hbox {GHz}\) at \(T=1.4\,\hbox {K}\) and \(f_0=150.0\,\hbox {GHz}\) at \(T=2.1\hbox {K}\) which strongly corresponds to the values of roton gap known from neutron diffractometry. Our theoretical estimation gives only an upper limit \(>250\,\hbox {GHz}\) for resonant response of the system. We interpret the dielectric \(^4\hbox {He}\) superfluid as a working substance for low-temperature MASER and clarify the atomic mechanism of microwave absorption–amplification in the condensed helium phases.
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Chishko, K.A., Rybalko, A.S. Spin–Spin and Spin–Phonon Interaction as a Nature of Microwave Absorption in He II. J Low Temp Phys 196, 21–27 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-019-02173-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-019-02173-y