Abstract
Latino immigrant men are an understudied population in the US, especially in areas with small yet growing Latino populations. For this community-based participatory health assessment we conducted four focus groups and 66 structured surveys with Latino immigrant men, and 10 openended interviews with service providers. We analyzed transcripts using content analysis and survey data using Pearson Chi-square tests. Overall, 53 % of participating men had not completed high school. Our findings suggest that their social circumstances precluded men from behaving in a way they believe would protect their health. Loneliness, fear and lack of connections prompted stress among men, who had difficulty locating healthcare services. Newly immigrated men were significantly more likely to experience depression symptoms. Latino immigrant men face social isolation resulting in negative health consequences, which are amplified by the new growth community context. Men can benefit from interventions aimed at building their social connections.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cunningham P, Banker M, Artiga S, Tolbert J. Health coverage and access to care for Hispanics in “new growth communities” and “major Hispanic centers”. Washington, DC: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured; 2006.
Cavazos-Rehg PA, Zayas LH, Spitznagel EL. Legal status, emotional well-being and subjective health status of Latino immigrants. J Natl Med Assoc. 2007;99(10):1126–31.
Minkler M. Using participatory action research to build healthy communities. Public Health Rep. 2000;115(2–3):191–7.
Israel BA, et al. Critical issues in developing and following community based participatory research principles. In: Minkler M, Wallerstein N, editors. Community-based participatory research for health. San Francisco, CA: Josey-Bass; 2003.
Viswanathan M, et al. Community-based participatory research: assessing the evidence. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Summ). 2004;99:1–8.
Chavez LR. The Latino threat. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press; 2008.
De Genova N. Race, space, and the reinvention of Latin America in Chicago. Latin Am Perspect. 1998;25(5):87–116.
Walter N, Bourgois P, Margarita Loinaz H. Masculinity and undocumented labor migration: injured Latino day laborers in San Francisco. Soc Sci Med. 2004;59(6):1159–68.
Hirsch JS, et al. They “miss more than anything their normal life back home”: masculinity and extramarital sex among Mexican migrants in Atlanta. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2009;41(1):23–32.
Munoz-Laboy M, Hirsch JS, Quispe-Lazaro A. Loneliness as a sexual risk factor for male Mexican migrant workers. Am J Public Health. 2009;99(5):802–10.
Winett L, et al. Immigrant Latino men in rural communities in the Northwest: social environment and HIV/STI risk. Cult Health Sex. 2011;13(6):643–56.
Hainmueller J, Hiscox MJ. Attitudes toward highly skilled and low-skilled immigration: evidence from a survey experiment. Am Political Sci Rev. 2010;104(1):1–24.
Rhodes SD, et al. Exploring the health behavior disparities of gay men in the United States: comparing gay male university students to their heterosexual peers. J LGBT Health Res. 2007;3(1):15–23.
Shinnar RS. Coping with negative social identity: the case of Mexican immigrants. J Soc Psychol. 2008;148(5):553–75.
Tajfel H, Turner JC. The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In: Austin SWW, editor. The social psychology of intergroup behavior. Chicago, IL: Nelson Hall; 1986.
Scheepers D. Turning social identity threat into challenge: status stability and cardiovascular reactivity during inter-group competition. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2010;45:228–33.
Cole SW, Kemeny ME, Taylor SE. Social identity and physical health: accelerated HIV progression in rejection-sensitive gay men. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1997;72(2):320–35.
Major B, O’Brien LT. The social psychology of stigma. Annu Rev Psychol. 2005;56:393–421.
Lackey GF. “Feeling blue” in Spanish: a qualitative inquiry of depression among Mexican immigrants. Soc Sci Med. 2008;67(2):228–37.
Organista KC, Kubo A. Pilot survey of HIV risk and contextual problems and issues in Mexican/Latino migrant day laborers. J Immigr Health. 2005;7(4):269–81.
Shedlin MG, Decena CU, Oliver-Velez D. Initial acculturation and HIV risk among new Hispanic immigrants. J Natl Med Assoc. 2005;97(7 Suppl):32S–7S.
Viadro CI, Earp JA. The sexual behavior of married Mexican immigrant men in North Carolina. Soc Sci Med. 2000;50(5):723–35.
VanderWeele TJ, et al. A marginal structural model analysis for loneliness: implications for intervention trials and clinical practice. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011;79(2):225–35.
Chang EC, et al. Loneliness and negative life events as predictors of hopelessness and suicidal behaviors in Hispanics: evidence for a diathesis-stress model. J Clin Psychol. 2010;66(12):1242–53.
Paz-Bailey G, et al. Syphilis outbreak among Hispanic immigrants in Decatur, Alabama: association with commercial sex. Sex Transm Dis. 2004;31(1):20–5.
Goldenberg SM, et al. “Over here, it’s just drugs, women and all the madness”: the HIV risk environment of clients of female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico. Soc Sci Med. 2011;72(7):1185–92.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV among Latinos. 2011. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/factsheets/pdf/latino.pdf.
Rhodes SD, et al. Exploring Latino men’s HIV risk using community-based participatory research. Am J Health Behav. 2007;31(2):146–58.
Peak T, Gast J, Ahlstrom D. A needs assessment of Latino men’s health concerns. Am J Men’s Health. 2008;December:1–12.
McCoy HV, et al. Lessons from the fields: a migrant HIV prevention project. Public Health Rep. 2009;124(6):790–6.
Krueger RA, editor. Focus groups: a practical guide for applied research. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc; 2000.
Russell D, Peplau LA, Cutrona CE. The revised UCLA loneliness scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1980;39(3):472–80.
Gjesfjeld CD, Greeno CG, Kim KH. A confirmatory factor analysis of an abbreviated social support instrument: the MOS-SSS. Research on Social Work Practice, 2007.
Huang FY, et al. Using the patient health questionnaire-9 to measure depression among racially and ethnically diverse primary care patients. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(6):547–52.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Behavioral risk factor surveillance system survey questionnaire. cited 2010 March 6, 2010.
Bernard HR. Research methods in anthropology: qualitative and quantitative approaches. Lanham, MD: Altamira Press; 2005.
Rhodes SD, et al. Lay health advisor interventions among Hispanics/Latinos: a qualitative systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2007;33(5):418–27.
Documet PI, Sharma RK. Latinos’ health care access: financial and cultural barriers. J Immigr Health. 2004;6(1):5–13.
Macia-Vergara L. Dealing with grievances: the Latino experience in Pittsburgh, PA. In Anthropology. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh; 2011. p. 323.
Larkey LK, et al. Hispanic cultural norms for health-seeking behaviors in the face of symptoms. Health Educ Behav. 2001;28(1):65–80.
Acknowledgments
The following LEGS members were instrumental in the design of this study: Enrique Avila, Isidro Avilez, Alfonso Barquera, Jose Bernardo, Sarah Bowen-Salio, Jose Covarrubias, Patricia Galetto, Juventino Gomez, Marcela Horvitz-Lennon, Jose Nova, Francisco Solis, Kenneth Thompson, Omar Valencia, AnDria Verde, Pedro Verde, Vicky Yacht, Charlie Yhap, and Freddy Yuman. We thank Dr. Steven Albert for his feedback. This study was supported by the Clinical and Transnational Science Institute (CTSI), University of Pittsburgh, Grant Number UL1 RR024153, National Center for Research Resources (NCRR).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Documėt, P.I., Kamouyerou, A., Pesantes, A. et al. Participatory Assessment of the Health of Latino Immigrant Men in a Community with a Growing Latino Population. J Immigrant Minority Health 17, 239–247 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-013-9897-2
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-013-9897-2