Table 3 Frequency of Withdrawal Symptoms Experienced by E-cig users During Fasting Time in Ramadan
| n (%) | P value+ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never smoker (n = 95) | Former smoker (n = 185) | Current smoker (n = 112) | Total (n = 392) | ||
| Physical symptoms | |||||
| Weight gain | 2 (0.5) | 12 (3.1) | 5 (1.3) | 19 (4.8) | 0.131 |
| Sweating | 4 (1.0) | 8 (2.0) | 7 (1.8) | 19 (4.8) | 0.870 |
| Abdominal cramping | 2 (0.5) | 9 (2.3) | 5 (1.3) | 16 (4.1) | 0.655 |
| Tremor | 5 (1.3) | 9 (2.3) | 7 (1.8) | 21 (5.4) | 0.606 |
| Breathing difficulty | 30 (7.7) | 54 (13.8) | 26 (6.6) | 110 (28.1) | 0.589 |
| Constipation | 9 (2.3) | 27 (6.9) | 23 (5.9) | 59 (15.1) | 0.202 |
| Sore or itchy throat | 17 (4.3) | 43 (11.0) | 27 (6.9) | 87 (22.2) | 0.489 |
| Heart palpitation | 20 (5.1) | 35 (8.9) | 20 (5.1) | 75 (19.1) | 0.251 |
| Dizziness | 11 (2.8) | 20 (5.1) | 16 (4.1) | 47 (12.0) | 0.645 |
| Headache | 11 (2.8) | 20 (5.1) | 16 (4.1) | 47 (12.0) | 0.645 |
| Nausea | 16 (4.1) | 43 (11.0) | 27 (6.9) | 86 (21.9) | 0.729 |
| No symptoms | 50 (12.8) | 101 (25.8) | 60 (15.3) | 211 (53.8) | 0.049 |
|
Physical score Mean (± SD) | 1.34 (± 1.78) | 1.51 (± 2.06) | 1.60 (± 2.20) | 1.48 (± 2.01) | 0.199$ |
| Psychological symptoms | |||||
| Social isolation | 6 (1.5) | 10 (2.6) | 5 (1.3) | 21 (5.3) | 0.958 |
| Depression | 6 (1.5) | 14 (3.6) | 5 (1.3) | 25 (6.4) | 0.768 |
| Feeling sleepy | 11 (2.8) | 40 (10.2) | 23 (5.9) | 74 (18.8) | 0.289 |
| Poor concentration | 17 (4.3) | 47 (12.0) | 35 (8.9) | 99 (25.2) | 0.050 |
| Angry | 12 (3.1) | 42 (10.7) | 24 (6.1) | 78 (19.9) | 0.166 |
| Stress | 12 (3.1) | 42 (10.7) | 42 (10.7) | 96 (24.5) | 0.269 |
| Restlessness | 30 (7.7) | 63 (16.1) | 42 (10.7) | 135 (34.4) | 0.709 |
| Intense cravings for vaping | 47 (12.0) | 90 (23.0) | 61 (15.6) | 198 (50.4) | 0.335 |
| No symptoms | 51 (13.0) | 90 (23.0) | 51 (13.0) | 192 (49.0) | 0.048 |
|
Psychological score Mean (± SD) | 1.48 (± 1.92) | 1.88 (± 2.35) | 1.92 (± 2.24) | 1.76 (± 2.16) | 0.052$ |