Skip to main content
Log in

Modern Multi-line Slot Machine Games: The Effect of Lines Wagered on Winners, Losers, Bonuses, and Losses Disguised as Wins

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Gambling Studies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We simulated the commercially available multi-line slot machine game “Money Storm,” including its bonus wins. Our results show that after a specified amount of time (such as 1 or 50 h), when players played a single line, there were marked differences between one player and the next—a few won a lot, others lost far more than average. When playing 20 lines there were fewer big winners and fewer players quickly losing a large percentage of their money. We simulated a Gambler’s Ruin scenario whereby players arrived with $100 and made $1 wagers until broke. Again we saw a reduction in the variability among player as the number of lines wagered increased, fewer players lost their entire bankroll quickly, and fewer players had big wins. The bonus wins in Money Storm contribute approximately 24 % to the payback of the game, and our simulations of bonus wins shows that with 20 lines wagered the players spend approximately 11 % of their time in bonus wins. With one line wagered, there are no losses disguised as wins while with 20 lines wagered the majority of hits are losses disguised as wins. Players using multi-line machines can thus tune the characteristics of the machine gambling experience to match their preferred pattern, though most seem in practice to bet on the most possible lines. Our results serve to inform researchers, counsellors, gamblers and others about how slot machines are designed, and the effect that wagering on multiple lines has on short-term and long-term play, bonus wins, and losses disguised as wins.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Blaszczynski, A., & Nower, L. (2002). A pathways model of problem and pathological gambling. Addiction, 97(5), 487–499.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blaszczynski, A., Sharpe, L., & Walker, M. (2001). The assessment of the impact of the configuration on electronic gaming machines as harm minimisation strategies for problem gambling. A report for the Gaming Industry Operator’s Group. Sydney: University Printing Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Custer, R. L. (1984). Profile of the pathological gambler. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 45(2), 35–38.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Custer, R. L., & Milt, H. (1985). When luck runs out. New York: Facts on File.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, M. J., Harrigan, K. A., Sandhu, R., Collins, K., & Fugelsang, J. A. (2010). Losses disguised as wins in modern multi-line video slot machines. Addiction, 105(10), 1819–1824.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dow Schull, N. (2012). Addiction by design. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • GLS Research (2011). 2010 Clark County residents study: Survey of leisure activities and gaming behavior. A report prepared for the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority.

  • Greene, J. (1982). The gambling trap. Psychology Today, 16(9), 50–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrigan, K. A., & Dixon, M. (2009). PAR Sheets, probabilities, and slot machine play: Implications for problem and non-problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Issues, 23, 81–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrigan, K. A., & Dixon, M. (2010). Government sanctioned “tight” and “loose” slot machines: How having multiple versions of the same slot machine game may impact problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 26(1), 159–174.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haw, J. (2008). Random-ratio schedules of reinforcement: The role of early wins and unreinforced trials. Journal of Gambling Issues, 21, 56–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haw, J. (2009). The multiplier potential of slot machines predicts bet size. Analysis of Gambling Behavior, 3(1), 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Livingstone, C., Woolley, R., Zazryn, T., Bakacs, L., & Shami, R. (2008). The relevance and role of gaming machine games and game features on the play of problem gamblers. Adelaide, SA: Independent Gambling Authority of South Australia. http://www.iga.sa.gov.au/publications.html.

  • Ministry of Public Safety and Solicitor General (2003). British Columbia problem gambling prevalence study. Final Report, March. Retrieved May 19, 2007, from http://www.bcresponsiblegambling.ca/responsible/bcprobgambstudy.pdf.

  • Moran, E. (1970). Gambling as a form of dependence. British Journal of Addiction, 64, 419–428.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Queensland (2002). Office of the Government Statistician & Queensland. Gambling Policy Directorate. Queensland household gambling survey 2001 [electronic resource]: [Web site] Queensland Treasury, Brisbane: http://nla.gov.au/nla.arc-51569.

  • Turner, N. (2011). Volatility, house edge, and prize structure of gambling games. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27, 607–623.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, N., Horton, K., & Fritz, B. (2009). The relationship between explicit and implicit learning processes and probable pathological gambling. International Gambling Studies, 9(3), 245–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, M. (1992). The psychology of gambling. London: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was funded in part by the Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre. Computer simulations were programmed by Linus Shu.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K. Harrigan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Harrigan, K., Dixon, M. & Brown, D. Modern Multi-line Slot Machine Games: The Effect of Lines Wagered on Winners, Losers, Bonuses, and Losses Disguised as Wins. J Gambl Stud 31, 423–439 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-013-9436-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-013-9436-z

Keywords

Navigation