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Developmental Outcome in Infants with Cardiovascular Disease After Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Pilot Study

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Abstract

Unfavorable neurological outcome in children after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in infancy is frequent. However, few studies have investigated the development of these patients using comprehensive developmental tests and the feasibility of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd Edition (BSID-III) has not been reported for this population. In this cross-sectional pilot study, we assessed the cognitive, language, and motor development in infants after cardiopulmonary resuscitation of ≥ 5 min with the BSID-III at the age of 12 or 24 months, depending on recruitment age. For analysis, 11 patients with in-hospital (n = 8) and out-of-hospital (n = 3) cardiac arrest were included. BSID-III results could not be quantified in three patients because of visual/hearing and/or motor impairment. In patients with quantifiable scores, 50.0% scored average in composite BSID-III scores, while the other 50.0% showed developmental delays, scoring distinctly below average. We conclude that the BSID-III is feasible for developmental assessment in the majority of the study population, but the use of instruments suitable for hearing/visually impaired and/or severely disabled infants is crucial to avoid biased results. Accurate characterization of developmental deficits is important to facilitate early identification and therapy of deficits.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Anne Gale and Dr. Giang Tong for their editorial assistance and Anke Olsson for her accurate and reliable support in coordinating the study. CP and LMR are participants in the BIH Charité Junior Clinician Scientist Program funded by the Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and the Berlin Institute of Health.

Funding

This work was supported by kinderherzen—Fördergemeinschaft Deutsche Kinderherzzentren e.V., Germany.

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Author notes

  1. Hannah Ferentzi and Constanze Pfitzer contributed equally to this work as first authors of the study, Katharina R. L. Schmitt and Peter Kramer contributed equally to this work as senior authors of the study.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Congenital Heart Disease - Paediatric Cardiology, German Heart Centre Berlin, Augustenburger Platz, 13353, Berlin, Germany

    Hannah Ferentzi, Constanze Pfitzer, Lisa-Maria Rosenthal, Felix Berger, Katharina R. L. Schmitt & Peter Kramer

  2. Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany

    Constanze Pfitzer & Lisa-Maria Rosenthal

  3. DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Constanze Pfitzer, Felix Berger & Katharina R. L. Schmitt

  4. Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Felix Berger

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  1. Hannah Ferentzi
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Correspondence to Constanze Pfitzer.

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Hannah Ferentzi, Constanze Pfitzer, Lisa-Maria Rosenthal, Felix Berger, Katharina R. L. Schmitt, and Peter Kramer declares that they have no conflict of interest.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Ferentzi, H., Pfitzer, C., Rosenthal, LM. et al. Developmental Outcome in Infants with Cardiovascular Disease After Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Pilot Study. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 26, 575–583 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-019-09613-7

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