Abstract
Purpose
CD40 ligand (CD40L)-deficient patients display increased susceptibilities to infections that can be mitigated with effective prophylactic strategies including immunoglobulin G (IgG) replacement and prophylactic antibiotics. CD8+ T-cell senescence has been described in CD40L deficiency, but it is unclear if this is an intrinsic feature of the disease or secondary to infectious exposures. To address this question, we assessed CD8+ T-cell senescence and its relationship to clinical histories, including prophylaxis adherence and infections, in CD40L-deficient patients.
Methods
Peripheral CD8+ T-cells from seven CD40L-deficient patients and healthy controls (HCs) were assessed for senescent features using T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC) analysis, flow cytometry, cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) and in vitro functional determinations including CMV-specific proliferation and cytokine release assays.
Results
Three patients (5, 28, and 34 years old) who were poorly adherent to immunoglobulin G replacement and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) prophylaxis and/or experienced multiple childhood pneumonias (patient group 1) had an expansion of effector memory CD8+ T-cells with the senescent phenotype when compared to HCs. Such changes were not observed in the patient group 2 (four patients, 16, 22, 24, and 33 years old) who were life-long adherents to prophylaxis and experienced few infectious complications. CyTOF analysis of CD8+ T-cells from the 5-year-old patient and older adult HCs showed similar expression patterns of senescence-associated molecules.
Conclusions
Our findings support that recurrent infections and non-adherence to prophylaxis promote early CD8+ T-cell senescence in CD40L deficiency. Premature senescence may increase malignant susceptibilities and further exacerbate infectious risk in CD40L-deficient patients.
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Data Availability
The authors confirm that the de-identified data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary materials.
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Funding
This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (1R01AG056728 and R01AG055362 to IK and K23AI115001 to NR).
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Shin, J.J., Catanzaro, J., Yonkof, J.R. et al. Infectious Complications Predict Premature CD8+ T-cell Senescence in CD40 Ligand-Deficient Patients. J Clin Immunol 41, 795–806 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-021-00968-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-021-00968-x