Abstract
The FXYD membrane proteins constitute a family of conserved auxiliary subunits of the Na,K-ATPase, and have been the focus of recent attention due to their ability to finely regulate the activity of the enzyme complex in various physiological settings. In this review we describe the structures of the proteins, as well as their dynamics and their associations with the lipid bilayer membrane, which we have recently determined by NMR spectroscopy. Although the proteins are relatively small, their genes contain as many as six to nine small exons, and the coincidence of structured protein segments with their genetic elements suggests assembly from discrete structural modules through exon shuffling. The three-dimensional structures and backbone dynamics provide the foundation for understanding their intra-membrane association with the Na,K-ATPase α subunit, and the structure of FXYD1 suggests a mechanism whereby the phosphorylation of conserved Ser residues, by protein kinases A and C, could induce a conformational change in the cytoplasmic domain of the protein, to modulate its interaction with the α subunit.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cornelius F, Mahmmoud YA (2003) News Physiol Sci 18:119–124
Crambert G, Geering K (2003) Sci STKE 2003, RE1
Franzin CM, Marassi FM (2005) NMR Structure determination of proteins in bilayer lipid membranes: the FXYD family proteins. In: Tien HT, Ottova-Leitmannova A (eds) Advances in planar lipid bilayers and liposomes. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 77–93
Franzin CM, Yu J, Thai K, Choi J, Marassi FM (2005) J Mol Biol 354:743–750
Franzin CM, Teriete P, Marassi FM (2007) J Am Chem Soc 129:8078–8079
Garty H, Karlish SJ (2006) Annu Rev Physiol 68:431–459
Hebert H, Purhonen P, Vorum H, Thomsen K, Maunsbach AB (2001) J Mol Biol 314:479–494
Meij IC, Koenderink JB, van Bokhoven H, Assink KF, Groenestege WT, de Pont JJ, Bindels RJ, Monnens LA, van den Heuvel LP, Knoers NV (2000) Nat Genet 26:265–266
Newton AC (2003) Biochem J 370:361–371
Purhonen P, Thomsen K, Maunsbach AB, Hebert H (2006) J Membr Biol 214:139–146
Sweadner KJ, Rael E (2000) Genomics 68:41–56
Teriete P, Franzin CM, Choi J, Marassi FM (2007) Biochemistry 46:6774–6783
Vinton BB, Wertz SL, Jacob J, Steere J, Grisham CM, Cafiso DS, Sando JJ (1998) Biochem J 330(Pt 3):1433–1442
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Franzin, C.M., Gong, XM., Teriete, P. et al. Structures of the FXYD regulatory proteins in lipid micelles and membranes. J Bioenerg Biomembr 39, 379–383 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10863-007-9105-y
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10863-007-9105-y