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Evaluation of the in vitro biocompatibility of PMMA/high-load HA/carbon nanostructures bone cement formulations

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Abstract

Although commercially-available poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement is widely used in total joint replacements, it has many shortcomings, a major one being that it does not osseointegrate with the contiguous structures. We report on the in vitro evaluation of the biocompatibility of modified formulations of the cement in which a high loading of hydroxyapatite (67 wt/wt%), an extra amount of benzoyl peroxide, and either 0.1 wt/wt% functionalized carbon nanotubes or 0.5 wt/wt% graphene oxide was added to the cement powder and an extra amount of dimethyl-p-toluidiene was added to the cement’s liquid monomer. This evaluation was done using mouse L929 fibroblasts and human Saos-2 osteoblasts. For each combination of cement formulation and cell type, there was high cell viability, low apoptosis, and extensive spread on disc surfaces. Thus, these two cement formulations may have potential for use in the clinical setting.

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Acknowledgments

Gil Gonçalves thanks the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) for the PostDoc grant (SFRH/BDP/84419/2012). This study was co-financed by QREN, programme Mais Centro-Programa Operacional Regional do Centro and União Europeia/Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional, project Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine (CENTRO-07-ST24-FEDER-002030). This study was supported by research grants from Comunidad de Madrid (S2009/MAT-1472). The authors thank the staff of the Cytometry and Fluorescence Microscopy Centre at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain). Financial support by the CICYT, Spain (Project MAT2008-00736), and Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain (Project S2009/MAT-1472) is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. TEMA – NRD, Mechanical Engineering Department and Aveiro Institute of Nanotechnology (AIN), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Gil Gonçalves, José Grácio & Paula A. A. P. Marques

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    María-Teresa Portolés & Cecilia Ramírez-Santillán

  3. Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    María Vallet-Regí

  4. Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain

    María Vallet-Regí

  5. Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal

    Ana Paula Serro

  6. Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511, Caparica, Portugal

    Ana Paula Serro

Authors
  1. Gil Gonçalves
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  2. María-Teresa Portolés
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  3. Cecilia Ramírez-Santillán
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  4. María Vallet-Regí
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  5. Ana Paula Serro
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  6. José Grácio
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  7. Paula A. A. P. Marques
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Gil Gonçalves or Paula A. A. P. Marques.

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Gonçalves, G., Portolés, MT., Ramírez-Santillán, C. et al. Evaluation of the in vitro biocompatibility of PMMA/high-load HA/carbon nanostructures bone cement formulations. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 24, 2787–2796 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-013-5030-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-013-5030-2

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