Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The effect of transient proanthocyanidins preconditioning on the cross-linking and mechanical properties of demineralized dentin

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Proanthocyanidin-based preconditioners were prepared by adding powdered proanthocyanidins-rich grape seed extract to various solvents at different concentrations. Demineralized dentin specimens were preconditioned for 20, 30, 60 or 120 s, followed by the evaluation of their cross-linking degree, mechanical properties and micromorphology. The cross-linking degree of the demineralized dentin collagen exhibited concentration- and time- dependent increase after preconditioning treatment, irrespective of the preconditioner and the solvent. When treated for the same exposure time, specimens after 15% proanthocyanidins preconditioning resulted in the highest mean ultimate tensile strength compared with all the other groups tested. Five percent glutaraldehyde control group produced the highest cross-linking degree, but the ultimate tensile strength was lower than that of 15% proanthocyanidins group. The field emission scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the demineralized dentin collagen was in a homogeneous and regular arrangement after preconditioning and maintained expanding, regardless of the surface moisture conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Robins SP. Biochemistry and functional significance of collagen cross-linking. Biochem Soc Trans. 2007;35:849–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Yamauchi M, Shiiba M. Lysine hydroxylation and cross-linking of collagen. Methods Mol Biol. 2008;446:95–108.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Hashimoto M, Ohno H, Sano H, Kaga M, Oguchi H. In vitro degradation of resin–dentin bonds analyzed by microtensile bond test, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Biomaterials. 2003;24:3795–803.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Al-Ammar A, Drummond JL, Bedran-Russo AK. The use of collagen cross-linking agents to enhance dentin bond strength. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2009;91:419–24.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Sung HW, Chang WH, Yuang M, Lee MH. Crosslinking of biological tissues using ginipin and/or carbodiimide. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2003;64:427–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Karol S, Bedran-Russo AK. Nanomechanical properties of demineralized dentin treated with collagen cross linkers. Dent Mater. 2010;26:127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ku CS, Sathishkumar M, Mun SP. Binding affinity of proanthocyanidin from waste Pinus radiata bark onto proline-rich bovine achilles tendon collagen type I. Chemosphere. 2007;67:1618–27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Han B, Jaurequi J, Tang BW, Nimni ME. Proanthocyanidin: a natural crosslinking reagent for stabilizing collagen matrices. J Biomed Mater Res. 2003;65:118–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Bedran-Russo AK, Pereira PN, Duarte WR, Drummond JL, Yamauchi M. Application of crosslinkers to dentin collagen enhances the ultimate tensile strength. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2007;80:268–72.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bedran-Russo AK, Pashley DH, Agee K, Drummond JL, Miescke KJ. Changes in stiffness of demineralized dentin following application of collagen crosslinkers. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2008;86:330–4.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Castellan CS, Pereira PN, Grande RH, Bedran-Russo AK. Mechanical characterization of proanthocyanidin-dentin matrix interaction. Dent Mater. 2010;26:968–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Green B, Yao X, Ganguly A, Xu C, Dusevich V, Walker MP, Wang Y. Grape seed proanthocyanidins increase collagen biodegradation resistance in the dentin/adhesive interface when included in an adhesive. J Dent. 2010;38:908–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Fujii H, Sun B, Nishioka H, Hirose A, Aruoma OI. Evaluation of the safety and toxicity of the oligomerized polyphenol oligonol. Food Chem Toxicol. 2007;45:378–87.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Yamakoshi J, Saito M, Kataoka S, Kikuchi M. Safety evaluation of proanthocyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds. Food Chemical Toxicol. 2002;40:599–607.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Ritter AV, Swift EJ Jr, Yamauci M. Effects of phosphoric acid and glutaraldehyde-HEMA on dentin collagen. Eur J Oral Sci. 2001;109:348–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Chen YS, Chang JY, Cheng CY, Tsai FJ, Yao CH, Liu BS. An in vivo evaluation of a biodegradable genipin-cross-linked gelatin peripheral nerve guide conduit material. Biomaterials. 2005;26:3911–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Bedran-Russo AK, Castellan CS, Shinohara MS, Hassan L, Antunes A. Characterization of biomodified dentin matrices for potential preventive and reparative therapies. Acta Biomater. 2011;7:1735–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Miguez PA, Pereira PN, Atsawasuwan P, Yamauchi M. Collagen cross-linking and ultimate tensile strength in dentin. J Dent Res. 2004;83(10):807–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Walters C, Eyre DR. Collagen crosslinks in human dentin: increasing content of hydroxypyridinium residues with age. Calcif Tissue Int. 1983;35:401–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Lai JY, Li YT. Influence of cross-linker concentration on the functionality of carbodiimide cross-linked gelatin membranes for retinal sheet carriers. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 2010;16:277–95.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Starcher B. A ninhydrin-based assay to quantitate the total protein content of tissue samples. Anal Biochem. 2001;292:125–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Rojanarata T, Opanasopit P, Ngawhirunpat T, Saehuan C. Ninhydrin reaction on thiol-reactive solid and its potential for the quantitation of d-penicillamine. Talanta. 2010;82:444–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Pashley DH, Agee KA, Carvalho RM, Lee KW, Tay FR, Callison TE. Effects of water and water-free polar solvents on the tensile properties of demineralized dentin. Dent Mater. 2003;19:347–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Garcia FC, Otsuki M, Pashley DH, Tay FR, Carvalho RM. Effects of solvents on the early stage stiffening rate of demineralized dentin matrix. J Dent. 2005;33:371–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Chappelow CC, Power MD, Bowles CQ, Miller RG, Pinzino CS, Eick JD. Novel priming and crosslinking systems for use with isocyanatomethacrylate dental adhesives. Dent Mater. 2000;16:396–405.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Nalla RK, Balooch M, Ager JW III, Kruzic JJ, Kinney JH, Ritchie RO. Effects of polar solvents on the fracture resistance of dentin: role of water hydration. Acta Biomater. 2005;1:31–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Hagerman AE, Klucher KM. Tannin–protein interactions. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1986;213:67–76.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Castellan CS, Pereira PN, Viana G, Chen SN, Pauli GF, Bedran-Russo AK. Solubility study of phytochemical cross-linking agents on dentin. J Dent. 2010;38:431–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Tsai CL, Hsu SH, Cheng WL. Effect of different solvents and crosslinkers on cytocompatibility of Type II collagen scaffolds for chondrocyte seeding. Artif Organs. 2002;26:18–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Huang-Lee LL, Cheung DT, Nimni ME. Biochemical changes and cytotoxicity associated with the degradation of polymeric glutaraldehyde derived crosslinks. J Biomed Mater Res. 1990;24:1185–201.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Torzilli PA, Arduino JM, Gregory JD, Bansal M. Effect of proteoglycan removal on solute mobility in articular cartilage. J Biomech. 1997;30:895–902.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Nam K, Kimura T, Kishida A. Physical and biological properties of collagen-phospholipid polymer hybrid gels. Biomaterials. 2007;28(20):3153–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Charulatha V, Rajaram A. Influence of different crosslinking treatments on the physical properties of collagen membranes. Biomaterials. 2003;24(5):759–67.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Cilli R, Prakki A, de Araújo PA, Pereira JC. Influence of glutaraldehyde priming on bond strength of an experimental adhesive system applied to wet and dry dentine. J Dent. 2009;37:212–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Walter R, Miguez PA, Arnold RR, Pereira PN, Duarte WR, Yamauchi M. Effects of natural cross-linkers on the stability of dentin collagen and the inhibition of root caries in vitro. Caries Res. 2008;42:263–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The study was supported by research funds from the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81000458 and No. 81130078). We greatly appreciate the assistance provided by Dr. Hou Rui for teeth collection and the Scientific Instruments Center in School of Stomatology for FESEM sample processing and imaging.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, #145 Changle Xi Road, 710032, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China

    Ruirui Liu, Ming Fang, Fang Li, Sanjun Zhao, Lijuan Shen & Jihua Chen

  2. Department of Stomatology, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming, China

    Yuhong Xiao

  3. Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University, #145 Changle Xi Road, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China

    Lan Yu

Authors
  1. Ruirui Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ming Fang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yuhong Xiao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Fang Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Lan Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Sanjun Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Lijuan Shen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Jihua Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jihua Chen.

Additional information

Liu Rui-Rui and Fang Ming contributed equally to this work.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Liu, R., Fang, M., Xiao, Y. et al. The effect of transient proanthocyanidins preconditioning on the cross-linking and mechanical properties of demineralized dentin. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 22, 2403–2411 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-011-4430-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-011-4430-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation