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Fabrication and unravelling the impact of iron-deficiency amount on crystal structure, micromorphology, elastic and electromagnetic properties of Ni0.25Cu0.13Zn0.62Fe2−xO4−3x/2 ferrites under different sintering temperatures

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Abstract

In this work, polycrystalline Ni0.25Cu0.13Zn0.62Fe2−xO4−3x/2 ferrites were synthesized via the solid-state reaction route and sintered at four different temperatures (1100–1250 °C; in steps of 50 °C) to investigate the impacts of iron-deficiency amount on the structural, micromorphology, elastic, and electromagnetic properties. The crystal structure, phase formation, micromorphology, and grain size were examined through X-ray diffraction, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The structural analysis confirms the evolution of the cubic spinel skeleton without any impurity phase. The lattice parameter increases linearly with iron-deficiency amount at 1100 °C, while it varies non-linearly at 1150, 1200, and 1250 °C. The elastic properties such as stiffness constants, elastic constants, longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity, mean elastic wave velocity, Poisson’s ratio, and Debye temperature were calculated from infrared spectroscopic data. The elastic moduli were corrected via Hassselman and Fulrath, Ledbetter and Datta, and the elastic theory models. The microstructural analysis reveals that agglomerated and abnormal grain growth and agglomerations take place due to the magnetic interaction between the individual grains. An improvement in dielectric properties with sintering temperature is evident due to the improved densification and generation of Fe2+ ions. The AC conductivity analysis suggests that the electrical conduction process is attributed to the small polaron hopping. Nyquist representation proclaims that the electrical conduction is ascribed to the contribution of the grain boundary. The observed variations in permeability and magnetic loss with iron-deficiency amount may be accredited to the modification of density, porosity, grain size, and anisotropy contribution.

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Data availability

The authors declared that the datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Department of Physics, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh for the materials support to perform this research. Sincere acknowledgment is expressed to the authority of the Center for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka and Solid-State Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) for providing the XRD, FTIR, SEM, and Impedance Analyzer facilities, respectively. The author Sharifa Nasrin would like to thank University Grants Commission (UGC), Bangladesh for providing research a fellowship (Grant Number: UGC/Scholarship/College-18/Ph.D./2017/7585) to perform her Ph.D. research at the Department of Physics, University of Dhaka. Last but not the least, the author Sharifa Nasrin greatly acknowledges the Directorate of Secondary and Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh for the study leave to pursue her higher studies at the Department of Physics, University of Dhaka.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    Sharifa Nasrin, Most. Sharmin & Md. D. Rahaman

  2. Directorate of Secondary and Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    Sharifa Nasrin

  3. Department of Physics, Bangladesh University Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    A. K. M. Akther Hossain

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  1. Sharifa Nasrin
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  2. Most. Sharmin
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  4. Md. D. Rahaman
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Contributions

SN: Methodology, Investigation, Validation, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft, preparation, Writing—review & editing. MS: Investigation, Data curation, formal analysis, Writing—review & editing. AKM. AH: Supervision, Writing—review and editing. MDR: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Project administration, funding acquisition, Writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Md. D. Rahaman.

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Hereby, I on behalf of all authors consciously assure that the manuscript Fabrication and unravelling the impact of iron-deficiency amount on crystal structure, micromorphology, elastic and electromagnetic properties of Ni0.25Cu0.13Zn0.62Fe2−xO4-3x/2 ferrites under different sintering temperatures is original research work. With the submission of this manuscript, I would like to undertake the responsibility that the above-mentioned manuscript has not been published totally or partly, accepted for publication, or under editorial review for publication elsewhere. All authors have been personally and actively involved in substantive work leading to the manuscript and will hold themselves jointly and individually responsible for its content. Finally, it is also declared that if the article is accepted, the article will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in any language, without the written consent of the publisher.

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Nasrin, S., Sharmin, M., Hossain, A.K.M.A. et al. Fabrication and unravelling the impact of iron-deficiency amount on crystal structure, micromorphology, elastic and electromagnetic properties of Ni0.25Cu0.13Zn0.62Fe2−xO4−3x/2 ferrites under different sintering temperatures. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 4592–4628 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-05200-x

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