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Self-enhanced electrochemical properties of Ni–P nanosphere with heterogeneous Ni and Ni–P nanoflake outer layer anchored on carbon cloth for asymmetric all-solid-state supercapacitors

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Abstract

To meet the demand for high-power-density and long lifespan surpercapacitors (SCs), the Ni–P@Ni HL/CC-1h with a core–shell structure (Ni–P sphere as the core and nanoflake with the Ni and Ni–P heterogeneous layer as shell) was constructed via a facile strategy. The strategy included hydrothermal synthesis of Ni–P spheres with large Ni surface layer on carbon cloth (Ni–P@Ni HL/CC) and subsequent chemical dealloying using HCl as etching solution in order to remove the redundant Ni substances. The morphology, composition, and electrochemical performances of raw Ni–P@Ni HL/CC and the corresponding samples obtained by different dealloying times (0.5, 1, and 2 h) were characterized. Interestingly, the Ni–P@Ni HL/CC-1h presents a unique structure with a nanoflake shell and a porous core, which can provide a large number of exposed active sites, accelerate electrolyte ion diffusion and support ultra-long cycling. Furthermore, the Ni species existing in the outer flake can increase the conductivity and promote the capacitance during the charge–discharge processes. The Ni–P@Ni HL/CC-1h exhibited high specific capacity of 280.8 C g−1 at current density of 1 mA cm−2, high rate retention of 76.2% at 20 mA cm−2. The maximum specific capacity could reach 388.8 C g−1 at 8 mA cm−2, and maintained the 92.6% retention after 3000 cycles. Moreover, the Ni–P@Ni HL/CC-1h//AC all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) exhibited high specific capacity, 86.0% retention after 10,000 cycles and high energy density of 27.6 Wh kg−1 at power density of 942.8 W kg−1.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant No. 21776051], the Guangzhou Education Bureau [Grant Nos. 1201541563], Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province [Grant Nos. 2017B090917002, 201802020029], the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong (Grant No. 2018A030313423), Guangdong undergraduate innovation experiment project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China

    Jingzhou Ling & Hanbo Zou

  2. Guangzhou Key Laboratory for New Energy and Green Catalysis, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China

    Wei Yang, Kangzhou Lei & Shengzhou Chen

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  1. Jingzhou Ling
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Ling, J., Zou, H., Yang, W. et al. Self-enhanced electrochemical properties of Ni–P nanosphere with heterogeneous Ni and Ni–P nanoflake outer layer anchored on carbon cloth for asymmetric all-solid-state supercapacitors. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 30, 18088–18100 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-02162-7

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