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Doping effect of urea on growth, spectral, thermal, mechanical, electrical, nonlinear and optical studies of Sr(HCOO)2·2H2O crystal: enhanced third-order NLO properties with a high laser-induced damage threshold

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Abstract

Pure and urea doped (with 3 different concentrations, viz. 0.005, 0.05, and 0.1 M) strontium formate dihydrate (SFD, Sr(HCOO)2·2H2O) single crystals were grown from aqueous solutions by using slow solvent evaporation technique. In order to understand the effect of urea doping on the structural, chemical, thermal, morphological, optical properties of SFD crystals, the grown crystals were characterized by carrying out CHN analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, high resolution X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectral, thermogravimetric, UV–Vis–NIR spectral, photoluminescence spectral, second harmonic generation efficiency, and Z-scan measurements. The results obtained indicate that the urea molecule have entered into the SFD crystal matrix and has improved the crystallinity. Also, the results indicate that urea doping significantly tunes the optical and thermal properties without significantly distorting the crystal structure of SFD crystal. The laser damage threshold (LDT) energy for the grown crystal has been measured by using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser as a source in single-shot mode (1064 nm, 10 Hz, 420 mJ). The result of laser damage threshold (LDT) energy indicates that grown title crystal has excellent resistance to laser radiation than those of some known inorganic NLO materials. Its third-order nonlinear optical properties were investigated by Z-scan technique and proved that the grown crystal possesses two-photon absorptions (TPA) and the self-defocusing effect.

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Acknowledgements

The authors (Dr.S. Muthupoongodi, Dr. S. Theodore David Manickam and Dr. X. Sahaya Shajan) gratefully acknowledge the financial support received from the Board of Research in Nuclear Science - Department of Atomic Energy (BRNS-DAE), Mumbai, India with Sanction No: 2013/34/1/BRNS/No.0486 to carry out this research work. One of the authors (S. Muthupoongodi) acknowledges the Dr. T. Geethakrishnan, Department of Physics, University College of Engineering, Villupuram for providing Z-scan measurement. The authors also acknowledge Dr. S. Kalainathan Centre for Crystal Growth, VIT University, Vellore, India for providing laser damage facility.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Scientific and Applied Research, PSN College of Engineering and Technology, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 152, India

    S. Muthupoongodi, S. Theodore David Manickam, C. K. Mahadevan & X. Sahaya Shajan

  2. Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna College, Aralvaimozhi, Tamil Nadu, 629 301, India

    J. Angel Mary Greena

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  1. S. Muthupoongodi
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  2. S. Theodore David Manickam
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Correspondence to X. Sahaya Shajan.

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Muthupoongodi, S., Manickam, S.T.D., Greena, J.A.M. et al. Doping effect of urea on growth, spectral, thermal, mechanical, electrical, nonlinear and optical studies of Sr(HCOO)2·2H2O crystal: enhanced third-order NLO properties with a high laser-induced damage threshold. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 29, 12513–12525 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-9318-3

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