Abstract
High sensitive resistive type humidity sensor based titanium oxide/polyaniline (TiO2/PANI) nanocomposite thin films prepared by a sol–gel spin coating technique on an alumina substrate. The resultant nanocomposites were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Vis absorbance and energy dispersive spectra analysis. In the XRD patterns of both pure and TiO2/PANI composite confirms the deposition of PANI on TiO2 and the average size of the composite particle was found to be 32 nm. Large number of nano grain surface being covered by PANI, which agrees very well with the results obtained by XRD studies. FTIR and UV–Vis spectra reveal that the PANI component undergoes an electronic structure modification as a result of the TiO2 and PANI interaction. The room temperature resistivity was found to be for TiO2 and TiO2/PANI nanocomposite films 1.42 × 106 and 2.56 × 103 Ω cm respectively. The obtained TiO2/PANI nanocomposites sensor exhibited higher humidity sensing performance such as high sensitivity, fast response (20 s) and recovery time (15 s) and high stability.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. Park, J. Kang, J. Park, S. Mun, One-bodied humidity and temperature sensor having advanced linearity at low and high relative humidity range. Sens. Actuators B 76, 322–326 (2001)
S.A. Chen, K.R. Chuang, C.I. Chao, H.T. Lee, White-light emission from electroluminescence diode with polyaniline as the emitting layer. Synth. Met. 82, 207–210 (1996)
A.G. MacDiarmid, L.S. Yang, W.S. Huang, B.D. Humphrey, Polyaniline: electrochemistry and application to rechargeable batteries. Synth. Met. 18, 393–398 (1997)
D. Verma, V. Dutta, Role of novel microstructure of polyaniline-CSA thin film in ammonia sensing at room temperature. Sens. Actuators. B 134, 373–376 (2008)
M. Mastuguchi, A. Okamoto, Y. Sakai, Effect of humidity on NH3 gas sensitivity of polyaniline blend films. Sens. Actuators. B 94, 46–52 (2003)
H.-H. Kuo-Hua Wang, Y.-H. Tsai, Hsieh, A study of photocatalytic degradation of trichloroethylene in vapor phase on TiO2 photocatalyst. Chemosphere 36, 2763–2773 (1998)
W. Zhou, C.W. Sun, Z.Z. Yang, Acta Inorg. Mater. 13, 275 (1998)
B. O’Regan, M. Gratzel, A low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO2 films. Nature 353, 737–740 (1991)
M. Machida, K. Norimoto, T. Watanabe, K. Hashimoto, A. Fujishima, The effect of SiO2 addition in super-hydrophilic property of TiO2 photocatalyst. J. Mater. Sci. 34, 2569–2574 (1999)
P.-G. Su, L.N. Huang, Humidity sensors based on TiO2 nanoparticles/polypyrrole composite thin films. Sens. Actuators B 123, 501–507 (2007)
S. Kotresh, Y.T. Ravikiran, H.G. Raj Prakash, S.C. Vijaya Kumari, Polyaniline titanium dioxide composite as humidity sensor at room temperature. Nanosystems 7, 732–739 (2016)
M. Parthibavarman, K. Vallalperuman, S. Sathishkumar, M. Durairaj, K. Thavamani, A novel microwave synthesis of nanocrystalline SnO2 and its structural optical and dielectric properties. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 25, 730–735 (2014)
S.G. Pawar, S.L. Patil, M.A. Chougule, D.M. Jundale, V.B. Patil, Microstructural, optical and electrical studies on sol gel derived TiO2 thin films. Arch. Phys. Res. 1, 57–66 (2010)
S.M. Gupta, M. Tripathi, A review of TiO2 nanoparticles. Chin. Sci. Bull. 56, 1639–1657 (2011)
M.R. Nabid, M. Golbabaee, A.B. Moghaddam, R. Dinarvand, R. Sedghi, Polyaniline/TiO2 nanocomposite: enzymatic synthesis and electrochemical properties. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 3, 1117–1126 (2008)
J. Tauc, Amorphous and Liquid Semiconductors (Plenum, London, 1974)
A. Tiwari, A.V. Sen, S.R. Dhakate, A.P. Mishra, V. Singh, Synthesis, characterization, and hoping transport properties of HCl doped conducting biopolymer-co-polyaniline zwitterion hybrids. Polym. Adv. Technol. 19, 909–914 (2008)
S. Quillard, G. Louarn, S. Lefrant, A.G. MacDiarmid, Vibrational analysis of polyaniline: a comparative study of leucoemeraldine, emeraldine, and pernigraniline bases. Phys. Rev. B 50, 12496–12508 (1994)
P.C. Wang, Y. Dan, L.H. Liu, Effect of thermal treatment on conductometric response of hydrogen gas sensors integrated with HCl doped polyaniline nanofibers. Mater. Chem. Phys. 144, 155–161 (2014)
B. Murali Babu, S. Vadivel, High performance humidity sensing properties of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films by sol–gel spin coating method. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 28, 2442–2447 (2017)
M. Premkumar, S. Vadivel, Effect of annealing temperature on structural, optical and humidity sensing properties of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 28, 8460–8466 (2017)
M. Sabarilakshmi, K. Janaki, A facile and one step synthesis of W doped SnO2 nanopowders with enhanced humidity sensing performance.. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 28, 5329–5335 (2017)
M. Parthibavarman, V. Hariharan, C. Sekar, High-sensitivity humidity sensor based on SnO2 nanoparticles synthesized by microwave irradiation method. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. 31, 840–844 (2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sasikumar, M., Subiramaniyam, N.P. Microstructure, electrical and humidity sensing properties of TiO2/polyaniline nanocomposite films prepared by sol–gel spin coating technique. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 29, 7099–7106 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-8697-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-8697-9