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Effect of isovalent lanthanide cations compensation for volatilized A-site bismuth in Aurivillius ferroelectric bismuth titanate

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Abstract

Bismuth titanate ferroelectric ceramics (BiT) compensated(doped) by 3 mol% of Bi3+ or Ln3+ (BiT–Bi, BiT–Ln; Ln = La, Nd, Sm) were synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction, then the effects of compensation towards the lattice structure as well as the ferroelectric properties were studied. Rietveld refinement of the structure confirmed the pure Aurivillius phase with space group B2cb in all the constituents, however the trace amount of Bi2O3 and Ln2O3 could also act as sintering aids during sintering. The 6s 2 lone pair electrons of Bi3+ in perovskites localize into a lobe shape and the lobes major axis prefer to align along the a-axis, resulting the Bi3+ in perovskites showing a smaller effective radius compared with Ln3+ and causing higher lattice distortion. In addition, the paraelectric–ferroelectric phase transition temperature (Curie temperature, T c ), piezoelectric coefficient (d 33), spontaneous polarization (P s ), a.c. conductivity [σ(ω)] and activation energy of dielectric relaxation (E a ) increase with decreasing A-site cation radius. Furthermore, ferroelectric polarization and electromechanical properties of the BiT–Bi were enhanced dramatically due to the oxygen vacancies suppression by the compensation, which was confirmed by electric modulus approach.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (51672220), the 111 Program (B08040) of MOE, the National Defense Science Foundation (32102060303), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (3102014JGY01004) of China.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072, China

    Qi Chang & Huiqing Fan

  2. Science and Technology on Plasma Dynamics Lab, Aeronautics and Astronautics Engineering College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an, 710038, China

    Changbai Long

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  1. Qi Chang
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  2. Huiqing Fan
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Correspondence to Huiqing Fan.

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Chang, Q., Fan, H. & Long, C. Effect of isovalent lanthanide cations compensation for volatilized A-site bismuth in Aurivillius ferroelectric bismuth titanate. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 28, 4637–4646 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-6102-0

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