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Presence of intrinsic defects and transition from diamagnetic to ferromagnetic state in Co2+ ions doped ZnO nanoparticles

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Abstract

In this paper, we report the structural, morphological and magnetic properties of pure and Co2+ doped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using sol–gel auto combustion method. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area diffraction pattern (SAED), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The analysis of XRD pattern shows the single phase nature with a hexagonal wurtzite structure for the prepared nanoparticles. The average crystallite sizes of the prepared nanoparticles were found in the range 18–19 nm. SEM images showed that pure and Co2+ doped nanoparticles have different morphology. The shape of the prepared nanoparticles is approximately hexagonal shown by TEM image. SAED pattern also confirms the wurtzite structure with single crystalline nature. FTIR spectra showed the characteristic vibrations frequency band of Zn–O. Photo luminescence spectrum showed that two emission peaks, which are ascribed to near band edge transitions and broadened intensive green emission associated with oxygen-vacancy defects. The magnetic properties were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and superconducting quantum interference device with field dependant magnetization at 300 K and temperature dependant magnetization from 0 to 300 K. From VSM analysis, pure ZnO nanoparticles show diamagnetic behavior while Co2+ doped ZnO nanoparticles revealed ferromagnetic behaviour at room temperature. The significant changes in M–H loop from diamagnetic behavior to ferromagnetic behavior are due to the intrinsic defects such as oxygen vacancies (Vo) and zinc vacancies (Vzn). The RTFM has been presented in terms of vacancies in the frame of bound magnetic polaron model.

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Acknowledgments

One of the authors is thankful to Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai for providing XRD, SEM, TEM, SAED, VSM and SQUID characterizations facilities.

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  1. Department of Physics, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, M.S., India

    Shankar D. Birajdar, Pankaj P. Khirade, Ashok V. Humbe & K. M. Jadhav

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  1. Shankar D. Birajdar
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Birajdar, S.D., Khirade, P.P., Humbe, A.V. et al. Presence of intrinsic defects and transition from diamagnetic to ferromagnetic state in Co2+ ions doped ZnO nanoparticles. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 27, 5575–5583 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-4462-0

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