Abstract
In this research, a series of green biodegradable composites were synthesized from graphene oxide (GO) with nanolayered and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH) by solvent casting and segmented drying method. The DSC and polarized optical microscope showed that the addition of GO increased the crystallinity and the number of spherulites, which indicated that GO was effective nucleating agent for PHBH. Compared to PHBH, the tensile strength and elastic modulus of biocomposites increased by 25% and 40%, respectively. Moreover, the oxygen permeability of biocomposites was almost 50% lower than PHBH. It was also found from UV–Vis that the transmittance of biocomposites reached to 4.4% in the ultraviolet region (≤ 400 nm), far less than that of pure PHBH (81.8%). The results revealed that GO/PHBH biocomposites are promising anti-ultraviolet materials for the practical application.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Jin D, Xu S (2018) The effects of polybenzimidazole and polyacrylic acid modified carbon black on the anti-UV-weathering and thermal properties of polyvinyl chloride composites. Compos Sci Technol 167:388–395
Xu Y, Sheng J, Yin X, Yu J, Ding B (2017) Functional modification of breathable polyacrylonitrile/polyurethane/TiO2 nanofibrous membranes with robust ultraviolet resistant and waterproof performance. J Colloid Interface Sci 508:508–516
Li J, Yu J, Wu S, Pang L, Amirkhanian S, Zhao M (2017) Effect of inorganic ultraviolet resistance nanomaterials on the physical and rheological properties of bitumen. Constr Build Mater 152:832–838
Zhang Y, Han J, Wu S, Qi Z, Xu J, Guo B (2017) Synthesis, physical properties and photodegradation of functional poly (butylene succinate) covalently linking UV stabilizing moieties in molecular chains. Colloid Surface A 524:160–168
Wang Y, Su J, Li T, Ma P, Bai H, Xie Y, Chen M, Dong W (2017) A novel UV-shielding and transparent polymer film: when bioinspired dopamine-melanin hollow nanoparticles join polymers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:36281–36289
Abdelraheem W, He X, Duan X, Dionysiou D (2015) Degradation and mineralization of organic UV absorber compound 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid (PBSA) using UV-254 nm/H2O2. J Hazard Mater 282:233–240
Li M, Li G, Jiang J, Zhang Z, Dai X, Mai K (2015) Ultraviolet resistance and antimicrobial properties of ZnO in the polypropylene materials: a review. J Mater Sci Technol 31:331–339
Diffey B (2002) Sources and measurement of ultraviolet radiation. Methods 28:4–13
Zhong X, Sheng J, Fu H (2018) A novel UV/sunlight-curable anti-smudge coating system for various substrates. Chem Eng J Eng J 345:659–668
Costa M, Maciel L, Teixeira A, Vicente A, Cerqueira M (2018) Use of edible films and coatings in cheese preservation: opportunities and challenge. Food Res Int 107:84–92
Albertsson A, Hakkarainen M (2017) Designed to degrade-suitably designed degradable polymers can play a role in reducing plastic waste. Science 358:872–873
Garcia J, Robertson M (2017) The future of plastics recycling-chemical advances are increasing the of polymer waste that can be recycled. Science 358:870–872
Xie Y, Kohls D, Noda I, Schaefer D, Akpalu Y (2009) Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) nanocomposites with optimal mechanical properties. Polymer 50:4656–4670
Lim J, Noda I, Im S (2007) Effect of hydrogen bonding on the crystallization behavior of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)/silica hybrid composites. Polymer 48:2745–2754
Wu L, You M, Wang D, Peng G, Wang Z, Chen G (2013) Fabrication of carbon nanotube (CNT)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy-hexanoate)(PHBHHx) nanocomposite films for human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) differentiation. Polym Chem UK 4:4490–4498
Ma L, Zhu Y, Feng P, Song G, Huang Y, Liu H, Zhang J, Fan J, Hou H, Guo Z (2019) Reinforcing carbon fiber epoxy composites with triazine derivatives functionalized graphene oxide modified sizing agent. Compos Part B 176:107078
Hu Q, Zhou N, Gong K, Liu H, Liu Q, Sun D, Wang Q, Shao Q, Liu H, Qiu B, Guo Z (2019) Intracellular polymer substances induced conductive polyaniline for improved methane production from anaerobic wastewater treatment. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 7:5912–5920
Vandewijngaarden J, Wauters R, Murariu M, Dubios P, Carleer R, Yperman J, D’Haen J, Ruttens B, Schreurs S, Lepot B, Peeters R, Buntinx M (2016) Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)/organomodified montmorillonite nanocomposites for potential food packaging applications. J Polym Environ 24:104–118
Chen Y, Park Y, Yang C, Noda I, Jung Y (2017) Reorientation of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) crystal in thin film induced by polyethylene glycol. Polymer 120:59–67
Diez-Pascual A, Diez-Vicente A (2016) Electrospun fibers of chitosan-grafted polycaprolactone/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) blends. J Mater Chem B 4:600–612
Salavagione H, Sherwood J, De B, Budarin V, Ellis G, Clark J, Shuttleworth P (2017) Identification of high performance solvents for the sustainable processing of graphene. Green Chem 19:2550–2560
Yang F, Chi C, Wang C, Wang Y, Li Y (2016) High graphite content in nitrogen-doped graphene as an efficient metal-free catalyst for reduction of nitroarenes in water. Green Chem 18:4254–4262
Kovtyukhova N, Ollivier P, Martin B, Mallouk T, Chizhik S, Buzaneva E, Gorchinskiy A (1999) Layer-by-layer assembly of ultrathin composite films from micron-sized graphite oxide sheets and polycations. Chem Mater 11:771–778
Liu L, Gao Y, Liu Q, Kuang J, Zhou D, Ju S, Han B, Zhang Z (2013) High mechanical performance of layered graphene oxide/poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite films. Small 9:2466–2472
Morimune S, Nishino T, Goto T (2012) Poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide nanocomposites prepared by a simple eco-process. Polym J 44:1056–1063
Liang J, Huang Y, Zhang L, Wang Y, Ma Y, Guo T, Chen Y (2009) Molecular-level dispersion of graphene into poly(vinyl alcohol) and effective reinforcement of their nanocomposites. Adv Funct Mater 19:2297–2302
Sun Y, He C (2012) Synthesis and stereocomplex crystallization of poly(lactide)-graphene oxide nanocomposites. ACS Macro Lett 1:709–713
Xu J, Liang Y, Zhong G, Li H, Chen C, Li L, Li Z (2012) Graphene oxide nanosheet induced intrachain conformational ordering in a semicrystalline polymer. J Phys Chem Lett 3:530–535
Shi Z, Jia C, Wang D, Deng J, Xu G, Wu C, Dong M, Guo Z (2019) Synthesis and characterization of porous tree gum grafted copolymer derived from Prunus cerasifera gum polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 133:964
Shim S, Kim K, Lee J (2012) Facile method to functionalize graphene oxide and its application to poly(ethylene terephthalate)/graphene composite. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4:4184–4191
Liao W, Yang S, Wang J, Tien H, Hsiao S, Wang Y, Li S, Ma C, Wu Y (2013) Effect of molecular chain length on the mechanical and thermal properties of amine-functionalized graphene oxide/polyimide composite films prepared by in situ polymerization. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5:869–877
De S, Lutkenhaus J (2017) Corrosion behaviour of eco-friendly airbrushed reduced graphene oxide-poly(vinyl alcohol) coatings. Green Chem 20:506–514
Nandgaonkar A, Wang Q, Fu K, Krausea W, Wei Q, Gorga R, Lucia L (2014) A one-pot biosynthesis of reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/bacterial cellulose (BC) nanocomposites. Green Chem 16:3195–3201
Ye Y, Zeng H, Wu J, Dong L, Zhu J, Xue Z, Zhou X, Xie X, Mai Y (2016) Biocompatible reduced graphene oxide sheets with superior water dispersibility stabilized by cellulose nanocrystal and their polyethylene oxide composites. Green Chem 18:1674–1683
Gardella L, Furfaro D, Galimbertib M, Monticelli O (2015) On the development of a facile approach based on the use of ionic liquids: preparation of PLLA (sc-PLA)/high surface area nanographite systems. Green Chem 17:4082–4088
Deng B, Hsu P, Chen G, Chandrashekar B, Liao L, Ayitimuda Z, Wu J, Guo Y, Lin L, Zhou Y, Aisijiang M, Xie Q, Cui Y, Liu Z, Peng H (2015) Roll-to-roll encapsulation of metal nanowires between graphene and plastic substrate for high-performance flexible transparent electrodes. Nano Lett 15:4206–4213
Liu S, Yao F, Oderinde O, Li K, Wang H, Zhang Z, Fu G (2017) Zinc Ions Enhanced nacre-like chitosan/graphene oxide composite film with superior mechanical and shape memory properties. Chem Eng J 321:502–509
Lange P, Dorn M, Severin N, Vanden BA, Rabe JP (2011) Single and double-layer graphenes as ultrabarriers for fluorescent polymer films. J Phys Chem C 115:23057–23061
Kim Y, Kim H, Cho Y, Ryoo J, Park C, Kim P, Kim Y, Lee S, Li Y, Park S, Yoo Y, Yoon D, Dorgan V, Pop E, Heinz T, Hone J, Chun S, Cheong H, Lee S, Bae M, Park Y (2015) Bright visible light emission from graphene. Nat Nanotechnol 10:676–681
Yoon T, Shin W, Kim T, Mun J, Kim T, Cho B (2012) Direct measurement of adhesion energy of monolayer graphene as-grown on copper and its application to renewable transfer process. Nano Lett 12:1448–1452
Redzheb M, Armini S, Berger T, Jacobs M, Krishtab M, Vanstreels K, Bernstorff S (2017) On the mechanical and electrical properties of self-assembly-based organosilicate porous films. J Mater Chem C 5:8599–8607
Ahmad M, Nirmalb N, Chuprom J (2015) Blend film based on fish gelatine/curdlan for packaging applications: spectral, microstructural and thermal characteristics. RSC Adv 5:99044–99057
Ramirez O, Bonardd S, Saldías C, Radic D, Leiva A, Chitosan B (2017) Nanocomposite films containing gold nanoparticles: obtainment, characterization, and catalytic activity assessment. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:16561–16570
Wang Y, Zheng Y, Xu X, Dubuisson E, Bao Q, Lu J, Loh K (2011) Electrochemical delamination of CVD grown graphene film: toward the recyclable use of copper catalyst. ACS Nano 5:9927–9933
Wang Q, Jian M, Wang C, Zhang Y (2017) Carbonized silk nanofiber membrane for transparent and sensitive electronic skin. Adv Funct Mater 27:1605657
Das B, Voggu R, Rout C, Rao C (2008) Changes in the electronic structure and properties of graphene induced by molecular charge-transfer. Chem Commun 41:5155–5157
Wang B, Cunning B, Park S, Huang M, Kim J, Ruoff R (2016) Graphene coatings as barrier layers to prevent the water-induced corrosion of silicate glass. ACS Nano 10:9794–9800
Seethamraju S, Kumar S, Madras G, Raghavan S, Ramamurthy P (2016) Million-fold decrease in polymer moisture permeability by a graphene monolayer. ACS Nano 10:6501–6509
Choi K, Nam S, Lee Y, Lee M, Jang J, Kim S, Jeong Y, Kim H, Bae S, Yoo J, Cho M, Choi J, Chung H, Ahn J, Park C, Hong B (2015) Reduced water vapor transmission rate of graphene gas barrier films for flexible organic field-effect transistors. ACS Nano 9:5818–5824
Lai C, Fu Y, Chen J, Wang D, Sun Y, Huang S, Huang W, Hu C, Lee K (2015) Composite of cyclic olefin copolymer with low graphene content for transparent water-vapor-barrier films. Carbon 90:85–93
Liu Y, Liang H, Xu Z, Xi J, Chen G, Gao W, Xue M, Gao C (2017) Superconducting continuous graphene fibers via calcium intercalation. ACS Nano 11:4301–4306
Miraftab R, Ramezanzadeh B, Bahlakeh G, Mahdavian M (2017) An advanced approach for fabricating a reduced graphene oxide-AZO dye/polyurethane composite with enhanced ultraviolet (UV) shielding properties: experimental and first-principles QM modeling. Chem Eng J 321:159–174
Souza V, Oliveira M, Zarbin A (2017) Bottom-up synthesis of graphene/polyaniline nanocomposites for flexible and transparent energy storage devices. J Power Sources 348:87–93
Ramanathan T, Abdala A, Stankovich S, Dikin D, Herrera-Alonso M, Piner R, Adamson D, Schniepp H, Chen X, Ruoff R, Nguyen S, Aksay I, Prud’Homme R, Brinson L (2008) Functionalized graphene sheets for polymer nanocomposites. Nat Nanotechnol 3:327–331
Lei H, He D, Guo Y, Tang Y, Huang H (2018) Synthesis and characterization of UV-absorbing fluorine-silicone acrylic resin polymer. Appl Surf Sci 442:71–77
Sedighi A, Montazer M, Mazinani S (2018) Fabrication of electrically conductive superparamagnetic fabric with microwave attenuation, antibacterial properties and UV protection using PEDOT/magnetite nanoparticles. Mater Des 160:34–47
Zaman K, Baheti V, Militky J, Ali A, Vikova M (2018) Superhydrophobicity, UV protection and oil/water separation properties of fly ash/Trimethoxy(octadecyl) silane coated cotton fabrics. Carbohydr Polym 202:571–580
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful for the financial supports from the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin city (18JCYBJC90100).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Qiu, Y., Ma, X. Crystallization, mechanical and UV protection properties of graphene oxide/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) biocomposites. J Mater Sci 54, 14388–14399 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-03951-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-03951-5