Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Fabrication of magnetic liquid marbles using superhydrophobic atmospheric pressure plasma jet-formed fluorinated silica nanocomposites

  • Chemical routes to materials
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, the surface properties of iron microparticles were modified for the manipulation of liquid droplets using atmospheric pressure plasma jets. These modified hydrophobic iron microparticles were prepared by synthesizing fluorinated silica nanocomposites on the surfaces of iron microparticles under atmospheric pressure plasma. The compositions of the silica nanocomposites were controlled by the deposition of hexamethyldisiloxane and fluoroalkylsilane precursors. The fluorinated silica nanocomposites were then used with iron microparticles to prepare magnetic liquid marbles. The contact angles of the iron microparticles and the fluorinated silica nanoparticle coating on the glass surface were both 154°, which indicated that the surfaces of these particles were superhydrophobic. Higher hexamethyldisiloxane precursor flow rates produced more silica nanocomposites and resulted in greater roughness and larger contact angles. Changes in surface roughness were characterized by atomic force microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that C–F bonds were present on the modified glass surface. The presented approach allows rapid and highly efficient modification of uneven surfaces and can therefore be employed to render hydrophilic, superhydrophobic, and oleophilic surfaces. Moreover, the described hydrophobic iron microparticles can be used for the controlled magnetic manipulation of water droplets and oil–water separation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Pollack MG, Fair RB, Shenderov AD (2000) Electrowetting-based actuation of liquid droplets for microfluidic applications. Appl Phys Lett 77:1725–1726

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Li BR, Hsieh YJ, Chen YX, Chung YT, Pan CY, Chen YT (2013) An ultrasensitive nanowire-transistor biosensor for detecting dopamine release from living PC12 cells under hypoxic stimulation. J Am Chem Soc 135:16034–16037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Li BR, Chen CW, Yang WL, Lin TY, Pan CY, Chen YT (2013) Biomolecular recognition with a sensitivity-enhanced nanowire transistor biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 45:252–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Yang X, Song J, Zheng H, Deng X, Liu X, Lu X, Sun J, Zhao D (2017) Anisotropic sliding on dual-rail hydrophilic tracks. Lab Chip 17:1041–1050

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Draper MC, Crick CR, Orlickaite V, Turek VA, Parkin IP, Edel JB (2013) Superhydrophobic surfaces as an on-chip microfluidic toolkit for total droplet control. Anal Chem 85:5405–5410

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Shikida M, Takayanagi K, Inouchi K, Honda H, Sata K (2006) Using wettability and interfacial tension to handle droplets of magnetic beads in a micro-chemical-analysis system. Sens Actuators, B 113:563–569

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Yildirim A, Budunoglu H, Daglar B, Deniz H, Bayindir M (2011) One-pot preparation of fluorinated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for liquid marble formation and superhydrophobic surfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 3:1804–1808

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Aussillous P, Quéré D (2006) Properties of liquid marbles. Proc R Soc A 462:973–999

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Xue Y, Wang H, Zhao Y, Dai L, Feng L, Wang X, Lin T (2010) Magnetic liquid marbles: a “precise” miniature reactor. Adv Mater 22:4814–4818

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Lin X, Ma W, Wu H, Cao S, Huang L, Chen L, Takahara A (2016) Superhydrophobic magnetic poly (DOPAm-co-PFOEA)/Fe3O4/cellulose microspheres for stable liquid marbles. Chem Commun 52:1895–1898

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Fujii S, Yusa SI, Nakamura Y (2016) Stimuli-responsive liquid marbles: controlling structure, shape, stability, and motion. Adv Funct Mater 26:7206–7223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lin X, Ma W, Chen L, Huang L, Wu H, Takahara A (2018) Self-healing cellulose nanocrystal-stabilized droplets for water collection under oil. Soft Matter 14:9308–9311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Aussillous P, Quéré D (2001) Liquid marbles. Nature 411:924–927

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Oliveira NM, Reis RL, Mano JF (2017) The potential of liquid marbles for biomedical applications: a critical review. Adv Healthcare Mater 6:1700192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Zhao Y, Fang J, Wang H, Wang X, Lin T (2010) Magnetic liquid marbles: manipulation of liquid droplets using highly hydrophobic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Adv Mater 22:707–710

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Matsubara K, Danno M, Inoue M, Nishizawa H, Honda H, Abe T (2013) Surface fluorination of polystyrene particles via CF4 plasma irradiation using a barrel-plasma-treatment system. Surf Coat Technol 236:269–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Cheng Z, Du M, Zhang N, Sun K (2013) From petal effect to lotus effect: a facile solution immersion process for the fabrication of super-hydrophobic surfaces with controlled adhesion. Nanoscale 5:2776–2783

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Deng B, Cai R, Yu Y et al (2010) Laundering durability of superhydrophobic cotton fabric. Adv Mater 22:5473–5477

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Cao L, Jones AK, Sikka VK, Wu J, Gao D (2009) Anti-icing superhydrophobic coatings. Langmuir 25:12444–12448

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Cao W-T, Liu Y-J, Ma M-G, Zhu J-F (2017) Facile preparation of robust and superhydrophobic materials for self-cleaning and oil/water separation. Colloid Surf A 529:18–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Mertaniemi H, Jikinen V, Sainiemi L, Framssila S, Marmur A, Ikkala O, Ras RHA (2011) Superhydrophobic tracks for low-friction, guided transport of water droplets. Adv Mater 23:2911–2914

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Jebrail J, Bartsch MS, Patel KD (2012) Digital microfluidics: a versatile tool for applications in chemistry, biology and medicine. Lab Chip 12:2452–2463

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Long Z, Shetty AM, Solomon MJ, Larson RG (2009) Fundamentals of magnet-actuated droplet manipulation on an open hydrophobic surface. Lab Chip 9:1567–1575

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Sun T, Feng L, Gao X, Jiang L (2005) Bioinspired surfaces with special wettability. Acc Chem Res 38:644–652

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Li J, Yan L, Li H, Zha F, Lei Z (2015) A facile one-step spray-coating process for the fabrication of a superhydrophobic attapulgite coated mesh for use in oil/water separation. RSC Adv 5:53802–53808

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Wu L-K, Hu J-M, Zhang J-Q (2013) One step sol–gel electrochemistry for the fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces. J Mater Chem A 1:14471–14475

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Xu L, Zhuang W, Cai Z (2012) Superhydrophobic cotton fabrics prepared by one-step water-based sol–gel coating. J Text Inst 103:311–319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Pereira C, Alves C, Montiero A et al (2011) Designing novel hybrid materials by one-pot co-condensation: from hydrophobic mesoporous silica nanoparticles to superamphiphobic cotton textiles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 3:2289–2299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Abourayana HM, Dowling DP (2013) in surface energy, Aliofkhazraei M (ed) IntechOpen, pp 123–152

  30. Yang SH, Liu C-H, Su C-H, Chen H (2009) Atmospheric-pressure plasma deposition of SiOx films for super-hydrophobic application. Thin Solid Films 517:5284–5287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Teschke M, Kedzierski J, Finantu-Dinu EG, Korzec D, Engemann J (2005) High-speed photographs of a dielectric barrier atmospheric pressure plasma jet. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci 33:310–311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Gilliam M, Farhat S, Zand A, Stubbs B, Magyar M, Garner G (2014) Atmospheric plasma surface modification of PMMA and PP micro-particles. Plasma Proc Polym 11:1037–1043

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Borer B, von Rohr R (2005) Growth structure of SiOx films deposited on various substrate particles by PECVD in a circulating fluidized bed reactor. Surf Coat Technol 200:377–381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Borer B, Sonnenfeld A, von Rohr R (2006) Influence of substrate temperature on morphology of SiOx films deposited on particles by PECVD. Surf Coat Technol 201:1757–1762

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Abourayana HM, Dowling DP (2015) Plasma processing for tailoring the surface properties of polymers. In: Surface Energy. IntechOpen, City

  36. Li L, Li B, Fan L, Mu B, Wang A, Zhang J (2016) Palygorskite@Fe3O4@ polyperfluoroalkylsilane nanocomposites for superoleophobic coatings and magnetic liquid marbles. J Mater Chem A 4:5859–5868

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Hu Y, Jiang H, Liu J, Li Y, Hou X, Li C (2014) Highly compressible magnetic liquid marbles assembled from hydrophobic magnetic chain-like nanoparticles. RSC Adv 4:3162–3164

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Chen-Yu Huang from Johns Hopkins University and Chia-Chih Chang from the Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, for their helpful comments on this manuscript. This study was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan (106-2113-M-009-013-MY2; 106-2221-E-009-129-MY3) and the Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science of National Chiao Tung University Featured Areas Research Center Program, within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project of the Ministry of Education (MOE) of Taiwan.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsin-Chu, 30049, Taiwan

    She-Ting Wu & Chain-Shu Hsu

  2. Mechanical and Mechatronics Systems Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, 31040, Taiwan

    Chih-Chiang Weng

  3. Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, HsinChu, 30049, Taiwan

    Bor-Ran Li

  4. Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30049, Taiwan

    Bor-Ran Li & Chain-Shu Hsu

Authors
  1. She-Ting Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chih-Chiang Weng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Bor-Ran Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Chain-Shu Hsu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Bor-Ran Li or Chain-Shu Hsu.

Ethics declarations

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (PDF 959 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wu, ST., Weng, CC., Li, BR. et al. Fabrication of magnetic liquid marbles using superhydrophobic atmospheric pressure plasma jet-formed fluorinated silica nanocomposites. J Mater Sci 54, 10179–10190 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-03635-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-03635-0

Search

Navigation