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Influence of Ionic Liquid-Based Metal–Organic Hybrid on Thermal Degradation, Flame Retardancy, and Smoke Suppression Properties of Epoxy Resin Composites

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Abstract

A new multifunctional ionic liquid-based metal–organic hybrid (PMAIL) was synthesized by anion exchange between as-synthesized phosphonate-based ionic liquid and phosphomolybdic acid and applied to epoxy resin (EP) as an efficient flame retardant. As expected, with only 1 wt% addition of PMAIL, the char yield of EP-PMAIL1 composite at 700 °C was significantly improved by 108.3% from 12.0% for neat epoxy resin to 25.0%, demonstrating the outstanding catalytic charring effect of PMAIL. Meanwhile, EP-PMAIL6 composite (6 wt% addition) can reach V-0 rating in the UL-94 vertical burning tests easily, and its peak heat release rate and total smoke production of EP-PMAIL6 were dropped by 31.0 and 15.4%, respectively, compared with neat EP. Moreover, the results from cone calorimetry tests showed that the char yield of EP-PMAIL6 was enhanced by 162% from 9.5 to 24.9% compared with neat EP, resulting in a strong intumescent char layer structure with outstanding fire retardance and mechanical properties. The thermo-oxidative stable protective layer retarded the transfer of heat and flammable volatiles during combustion and protected the epoxy matrix from further degradation. In conclusion, our results might provide a new perspective for producing composites with excellent flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties using ionic liquid-based metal–organic hybrid.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Guangzhou Science and Technology Project (No. 201804010174) and Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Nos. 2015A030313798, 2016A030313161). In addition, the authors want to thank Miss Min Zeng for various contributions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, People’s Republic of China

    Fei Xiao, Kun Wu, Fubin Luo, Sa Yao, Maoping Lv, Haimei Zou & Mangeng Lu

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, People’s Republic of China

    Fei Xiao, Fubin Luo, Sa Yao & Maoping Lv

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  1. Fei Xiao
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  2. Kun Wu
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Correspondence to Kun Wu.

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Xiao, F., Wu, K., Luo, F. et al. Influence of Ionic Liquid-Based Metal–Organic Hybrid on Thermal Degradation, Flame Retardancy, and Smoke Suppression Properties of Epoxy Resin Composites. J Mater Sci 53, 10135–10146 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2318-0

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