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Preparation of radiopaque polyurethane–urea/graphene oxide nanocomposite using 4-(4-iodophenyl)-1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-dione

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Abstract

New radiopaque nanocomposites were prepared based on iodinated polyurethane–urea (PUU) and graphene oxide (GO). The iodinated PUU was synthesized using 4,4′-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), polyethylene glycol (PEG, Mn = 1000), and 4-(4-iodophenyl)-1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-dione (IUr) as a novel chain extender and radiopacifying agent. The synthesized urazole, PUU, and the related nanocomposites are characterized by fourier transform infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis (CHNO), thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The X-ray visibility of the radiopaque PUU and nanocomposites was investigated using X-radiography. To evaluate the biocompatibility of the samples, the indirect MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay was carried out on the non-cancerous mouse fibroblast cell line NIH3T3 D4 according to the ISO10993-5 standard. The DMTA results proved introduction of the GO layers into the iodinated PUU matrix, and has improved mechanical properties of the nanocomposites compared to the pure polymer. The X-ray images showed significant radiopacity of the pure polymer and the nanocomposites.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by Shahrood University of Technology (Grant Number 50/3786). We are also grateful to Medical department of Islamic Azad University of Shahrood, for assistance in measuring the radiopacity of the samples.

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Correspondence to Hossein Nasr-Isfahani.

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Shiralizadeh, S., Nasr-Isfahani, H., Keivanloo, A. et al. Preparation of radiopaque polyurethane–urea/graphene oxide nanocomposite using 4-(4-iodophenyl)-1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-dione. J Mater Sci 53, 9896–9912 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2286-4

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