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A review of the mechanical and thermal properties of graphene and its hybrid polymer nanocomposites for structural applications

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Abstract

In the present review, the recent progress in describing the intricacies of mechanical and thermal properties of all types of graphene- and modified graphene-based polymer nanocomposites has been comprehensively examined. The effectiveness of microscopy bouquet for the intrinsic characterization of graphene family and their composites was clearly demonstrated in this research. Furthermore, the utility of the dynamic mechanical analysis and thermo-gravimetric analysis employed for thermal characterization that has been reported by various researchers was exhaustively analyzed in this paper. This research primarily focused on the analyses of several good articles concerned with hybrid graphene composites and the synergetic effect of graphene with other nanofiller to assess its effect on the mechanical properties of its corresponding composites. Such systematic analysis of previous literatures imparted a direction to the researchers about the solution of improved interfacial properties as well as the enhanced dispersion into the vicinity of the matrix. This current research has suggested that the presence of the graphene filler even at very low loadings has shown considerable improvement in the overall mechanical properties of graphene. Further studies to optimize the value of the filler need to be addressed in order to gain complete understanding of the properties of graphene. The potential applications, current challenges, and future perspectives pertaining to these nanocomposites were elaborately discussed in the current study with regard to the multi-scale capabilities and promising developments of the graphene-family-based nanocomposites materials.

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Abbreviations

0D:

Zero-dimensional

1D:

One-dimensional

2D:

Two-dimensional

3D:

Three-dimensional

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

CF:

Carbon fiber

GO:

Graphene oxide

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

PMMA:

Poly(methyl methacrylate)

EP:

Epoxy resin

GF:

Glass fiber

DGEBA:

Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A

f-GNS:

Functionalized graphene nanosheet

PVA:

Poly(vinyl alcohol)

CRPFs:

Carbon fiber epoxy composites

PVDF:

Poly(vinylidene fluoride)

PI:

Polyimide

UTS:

Ultimate tensile strength

CFRPs:

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer

RSF:

Regenerated silk fibroin

HDPE:

High-density polyethylene

PES:

Poly(ether sulfone)

NFrGO:

Non-covalent functionalized reduced graphene oxide

FG:

Functionalized graphene

DETDA:

Diethyl toluene diamine

CVD:

Chemical vapor deposition

PAA:

Poly(acrylic acid)

CA:

Cellulose acetate

CTE:

Coefficient of thermal expansion

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

rGO:

Reduced graphene oxide

MWCNT:

Multi-walled carbon nanotube

PDMS:

Poly-dimethylsiloxane

DSC:

Differential scanning calorimetry

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

RTM:

Resin transfer molding

WPU:

Waterborne polyurethane

FGO:

Functionalized graphene oxide

T g :

Glass transition temperature

GNPs:

Graphene nanoplatelets

f-GNPs:

Functionalized graphene nanoplatelets

DMA:

Dynamic mechanical analysis

PP:

Polypropylene

ILSS:

Interlaminar shear strength

IFSS:

Interfacial shear strength

PU:

Polyurethane

xGnPs:

Exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets

PGMA:

Poly(glycidyl methacrylate)

TGA:

Thermo-gravimetric analysis

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  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India

    Amit Kumar & Amit Rai Dixit

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India

    Amit Kumar & Kamal Sharma

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Kumar, A., Sharma, K. & Dixit, A.R. A review of the mechanical and thermal properties of graphene and its hybrid polymer nanocomposites for structural applications. J Mater Sci 54, 5992–6026 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-03244-3

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