Abstract
Calcium carbonate was synthesized by in situ deposition technique and its nano size (35–60 nm) was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Composites of the filler CaCO3 (micro and nano) and the matrix poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were prepared with different filler loadings (0–5 wt%) by melt intercalation. Brabender torque rheometer equipped with an internal mixer has been used for preparation of formulations for composites. The effect of filler content both nano- and micro level on the nanostructure and properties is reported here. The nanostructures were studied by wide angle X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical, thermal, and dynamic mechanical properties of PVC/micro- and nano-CaCO3 composites were characterized using universal testing machine, thermogravimetric analyzer, and dynamic mechanical analyzer. The results of thermal analysis indicated that the thermal stability of PVC/nano-CaCO3 composites was improved as compared with corresponding microcomposites, and that of pristine PVC and maximum improvement was obtained at 1 and 3 phr loadings. However, the tensile strength decreased significantly with increase loading of both nano- and micro-CaCO3, whereas storage modulus and glass transition temperature increased significantly.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hussain F, Hojjati M, Okamoto M, Gorga RE (2006) J Compos Mater 40:1511
Ray SS, Okamato M (2003) Prog Polym Sci 28:1539
Dezhen W, Xiaodong W, Yongzhi S, Riguang J (2004) J Appl Polym Sci 92:2714
Cheng-Ho C, Chih-Chun T, Shun-Fua S, Wen-Chang W, Chien-Hsin Y (2006) J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44:451
Sun S, Li C, Zhang L, Du HL, Burnell-Gray JS (2006) Polym Int 55:158
Xie XL, Liu QX, Li RKY, Zhou XP, Zhang QX, Yu ZZ, Mai YW (2004) Polymer 45:6665
Ling Z, Xuehua C, Chunzhung L (2005) J Mater Sci 40:2097. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-005-1244-0
Chan CM, Wu J, Li JX, Cheung YK (2002) Polymer 43:2981
Mishra S, Sonwane SH, Singh RP (2005) J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43:107
Saujanya C, Ashamol S, Padalkar S, Radhakrishnan S (2001) Polymer 42:2255
Saujanya C, Radhakrishan S (2001) Polymer 42:6723
Cheng-Ho C, Chih-Chun T, Chien-Hsin YJ (2005) Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43:1465
Cheng-Ho C, Chih-Chun T, Ming-Shyong T, Fu-Su Y (2006) J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44:2145
Mingwang P, Xudong S, Xiucuo L, Haiyan H, Liucheng Z (2004) J Appl Polym Sci 94:277
Yong-Zhong B, Zhi-Miang H, Zhi-Xue W (2006) J Appl Polym Sci 102:1471
Tianbin R, Jung Y, Yanxia H, Jie R, Yan L (2006) J Polym Compos 27:55
Zhu-Mei L, Chao-Ying W, Yong Z, Ping W, Jie Y (2004) J Appl Polym Sci 92:567
Chaoying W, Xiuying Q, Yong Z, Yinxi Z (2003) J Appl Polym Sci 89:2184
Haiyan H, Mingwang P, Xiucuo Li, Xudong S, Liucheng Z (2004) Polym Int 53:225
Jie R, Yanxia H, Yan L, Xiaozhen T (2005) Polym Test 24:316
Peprnicek T, Duchet J, Kovarova L, Malac J, Gerard JF, Simonik J (2006) Polym Degrad Stab 91:1855
Yalcin B, Cakmak M (2004) Polymer 45:6623
Gong FL, Zhao CG, Feng M, Qin HL, Yang MS (2004) J Mater Sci 39:293. doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JMSC.0000007758.00802.1a
Asif KM, Sarwar MI, Rafiq S, Ahmad Z (1998) Polym Bull 40:583
Peng L, Mingfei Z, Jinshan G (2006) J Macromol Sci Part B: Phys 45:1135
Guangming C (2007) J Appl Polym Sci 106:817
Chaoying W, Xiuying Q, Yong Z, Yinxi Z (2003) Polym Test 22:453
Chaoying W, Yong Z, Yinxi Z (2004) Polym Test 23:299
Dongyan W, Daniel P, Qian Y, Charles AW (2002) J Vinyl Addit Technol 8–2:139
Dongyan W, Daniel P, Qian Y, Charles AW (2001) J Vinyl Addit Technol 7–4:203
Dongyan W, Charles AW (2002) J Vinyl Addit Technol 8–4:238
Ismail H, Munusamy Y (2007) J Reinf Plast Compos 26:1681
Acknowledgement
Authors thank the University Grants Commissions, New Delhi, for providing financial assistance under grants of Special Assistance Programme (SAP) at Departmental Research Support (DRS) Level.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Patil, C.B., Kapadi, U.R., Hundiwale, D.G. et al. Preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl chloride) calcium carbonate nanocomposites via melt intercalation. J Mater Sci 44, 3118–3124 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3414-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3414-y