Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Calcium orthophosphate cements for biomedical application

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In early 1980s, researchers discovered self-setting calcium orthophosphate cements, which are a bioactive and biodegradable grafting material in the form of a powder and a liquid. Both phases after mixing form a viscous paste that after being implanted sets and hardens within the body as either a non-stoichiometric calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) or brushite, sometimes blended with unreacted particles and other phases. As both CDHA and brushite are remarkably biocompartible and bioresorbable (therefore, in vivo they can be replaced with a newly forming bone), calcium orthophosphate cements represent a good correction technique of non-weight-bearing bone fractures or defects and appear to be very promising materials for bone grafting applications. Besides, these cements possess an excellent osteoconductivity, molding capabilities, and easy manipulation. Nearly perfect adaptation to the tissue surfaces in bone defects and a gradual bioresorption followed by new bone formation are additional distinctive advantages of calcium orthophosphate cements. Besides, reinforced formulations are available; those are described as calcium orthophosphate composites. The discovery of self-setting cements has opened up a new era in the medical application of calcium orthophosphates; several commercial formulations have already been introduced as a result. Many more compositions are in experimental stages. In this review, an insight into calcium orthophosphate cements, as excellent biomaterials suitable for both dental and bone grafting application, has been provided.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. There is an opinion [17] that the self-setting calcium orthophosphate cements for orthopedic and dental restorative applications have first been described in the early 1970s by Driskell et al. in US Patent No. 3913229 [18].

  2. It is interesting to note that calcium sulfate (gypsum or plaster of Paris) has been implanted into fracture gaps and voids of bones for more than 100 years [32–34].

  3. There are some differences between TTCP+DCPD and TTCP+DCPA cements. Due to a higher solubility of DCPD (Table 1), a TTCP+DCPD cement sets faster than a TTCP+DCPA cement. Besides, injectability of a TTCP+DCPD cement is better [66, 67].

  4. In the vast majority cases, a precipitated poorly crystalline HA and CDHA are undistinguishable and might be considered as synonyms [11].

  5. To honor Prof. George Jarvis Brush (1831–1912), an American mineralogist, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA [11].

  6. In early 1990s, depending on the type of calcium orthophosphate formed after setting, five groups of the cement formulations were thought to exist: DCPD, CDHA, HA, ACP, and OCP [70, 87], while currently only two cement groups remain.

  7. The rheological properties of injectable calcium orthophosphate cement slurry are well described elsewhere [90, 91].

  8. Earlier, it was believed that DCPA and TTCP reacted upon mixing with water to form the stoichiometric HA [13–16]. However, further investigations have shown that only the first nuclei consist of a nearly stoichiometric HA, whereas further growth of these nuclei occurs in the form of CDHA [99]. Besides, there is a study demonstrating that the initially formed HA further interacts with remaining DCPD to form CDHA [100].

  9. It is the time from which a cement no longer disintegrates when immersed in Ringer’s solution [87].

  10. Water is omitted for simplicity. Therefore, dissolution of DCPA is written instead.

  11. Further details on the major properties of Norian SRS® are available elsewhere [143, 278].

  12. Ion-substituted ACPs contained other ions (carbonates, Mg, Zn, F) were used in that study [310].

References

  1. Albee F, Morrison H (1920) Ann Surg 71:32

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Haldeman K, Moore J (1934) Arch Surg 29:385

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Ray R, Degge J, Gloyd P, Mooney G (1952) J Bone Joint Surg 34A:638

    Google Scholar 

  4. Getter L, Bhaskar S, Cutright D, Perez B, Brady J, Driskell T, O’Hara M (1972) J Oral Surg 30:263

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Roy D, Linnehan S (1974) Nature 247:220

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Koster K, Karbe E, Kramer H, Heide H, Konig R (1976) Langenbecks Arch Chir 341:77

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Peelen J, Rejda B, Vermeiden J, de Groot K (1977) Sci Ceram 9:226

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Jarcho M, Kay J, Gumaer K, Doremus R, Drobeck H (1977) J Bioeng 1:79

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Jarcho M (1981) Clin Orthop 157:259

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. LeGeros RZ (1991) Calcium phosphates in oral biology and medicine. Karger, Basel

    Google Scholar 

  11. Dorozhkin SV (2007) J Mater Sci 42:1061. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-1467-8

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. LeGeros RZ, Chohayeb A, Shulman A (1982) J Dent Res 61(Special issue):343

    Google Scholar 

  13. Brown WE, Chow LC (1983) J Dent Res 62(Special issue):672

    Google Scholar 

  14. Brown WE, Chow LC (1986) A new calcium phosphate water setting cement. In: Brown PW (ed) Cements research progress. American Ceramic Society, Westerville, p 352

    Google Scholar 

  15. Brown WE, Chow LC (1985) Dental restorative cement pastes. US Patent No. 4518430. May 21

  16. Gruninger SE, Siew C, Chow LC, O’Young A, Ts’ao NK, Brown WE (1984) J Dent Res 63(Special issue):200

    Google Scholar 

  17. Tas AC, Aldinger F (2005) J Mater Sci Mater Med 16:167

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Driskell TD, Heller AL, Koenigs JF (1975) Dental treatments. US Patent No. 3913229. October 21

  19. Driessens FCM, Planell JA, Gil FJ (1995) In: Wise DL, Trantolo DJ, Altobelli DE, Yaszemski MJ, Gresser JD, Schwarz ER (eds) Encyclopedic handbook of biomaterials and bioengineering, Part B, applications, vol 2. Marcel Dekker, New York, p 855

  20. Schmitz JP, Hollinger JO, Milan SB (1999) J Oral Maxillofac Surg 57:1122

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Gbureck U, Barralet JE, Spatz K, Grover LM, Thull R (2004) Biomaterials 25:2187

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Tagaya M, Goto H, Iinuma M, Wakamatsu N, Tamura Y, Doi Y (2005) Dent Mater J 24:555

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Driessens FCM, Boltong MG, Khairoun I, De Maeyer EAP, Ginebra MP, Wenz R, Planell JA, Verbeeck RMH (2000) Applied aspects of calcium phosphate bone cement. In: Wise DL, Trantolo DJ, Lewandrowski KU, Gresser JD, Cattaneo MV (eds) Biomaterials engineering and devices: Human applications. vol. 2: Orthopaedic, dental and bone graft applications, Humana Press, Totowa, p 253

    Google Scholar 

  24. Driessens FCM, Planell JA, Boltong M, Khairoun I, Ginebra MP (1998) Proc Inst Mech Eng H: J Eng Med 212:427

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Frankenburg EP, Goldstein SA, Bauer TW, Harris SA, Poser RD (1998) J Bone Joint Surg Am 80:1112

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Frayssinet P, Gineste L, Conte P, Fages J, Rouquet N (1998) Biomaterials 19:971

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Rey C, Tofighi A, Mounic S, Combes C, Lee D (2002) Biomimetism and calcium phosphate cements. In: Mainard D, Louis JP (eds) Actualités en Biomatériaux, vol 6. Editions Romillat, Paris, p 27

    Google Scholar 

  28. Combes C, Bareille R, Rey C (2006) J Biomed Mater Res A 79A:318

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Bohner M, Gbureck U, Barralet JE (2005) Biomaterials 26:6423

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Ginebra MP, Traykova T, Planell JA (2006) Biomaterials 27:2171

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Ginebra MP, Traykova T, Planell JA (2006) J Control Release 113:102

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Dreesmann H (1892) Beitr Klin Chir 9:804

    Google Scholar 

  33. Peltier LF (1961) Clin Orthop 21:1

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Kelly CM, Wilkins RM, Gitelis S, Hartjen C, Watson JT, Kim PT (2001) Clin Orthop 382:42

    Google Scholar 

  35. Bohner M (2004) Biomaterials 25:741

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Fernandez E, Vlad MD, Gel MM, Lopez J, Torres R, Cauich JV, Bohner M (2005) Biomaterials 26:3395

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Nilsson M, Fernandez E, Sarda S, Lidgren L, Planell JA (2002) J Biomed Mater Res 61:600

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Grover LM, Gbureck U, Wrightc AJ, Tremaynec M, Barralet JE (2006) Biomaterials 27:2178

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Grover LM, Gbureck U, Wright AJ, Barralet JE (2005) J Amer Ceram Soc 88:3096

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Grover LM, Gbureck U, Young AM, Wright AJ, Barralet JE (2005) J Mater Chem 46:4955

    Google Scholar 

  41. Lilley KJ, Gbureck U, Wright AJ, Knowles JC, Farrar DF, Barralet JE (2007) J Amer Ceram Soc 90:1892

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Calafiori AR, di Marco G, Martino G, Marotta M (2007) J Mater Sci Mater Med 18:2331

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Kon M, Hirakata LM, Miyamoto Y, Kasahara H, Asaoka K (2005) Dent Mater J 24:104

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Serraj S, Michailesco P, Margerit J, Bernard B, Boudeville P (2002) J Mater Sci Mater Med 13:125

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Nurit L, Margerit J, Terol A, Boudeville P (2002) J Mater Sci Mater Med 13:1007

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Boudeville P, Serraj S, Leloup JM, Margerit J, Pauvert B, Terol A (1999) J Mater Sci Mater Med 10:99

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Michaïlesco P, Kouassi M, Briak HE, Armynot A, Boudeville P (2005) J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 74B:760

    Google Scholar 

  48. Briak HE, Durand D, Nurit J, Munier S, Pauvert B, Boudeville P (2002) J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63:447

    Google Scholar 

  49. El Briak H, Durand D, Boudeville P (2008) J Mater Sci Mater Med 19:737

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Takagi S, Chow LC, Ishikawa K (1998) Biomaterials 19:1593

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Yang Q, Troczynski T, Liu DM (2002) Biomaterials 23:2751

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Roemhildt ML, McGee TD, Wagner SD (2003) J Mater Sci Mater Med 14:137

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Roemhildt ML, Wagner SD, McGee TD (2006) J Mater Sci Mater Med 17:1127

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Wang X, Ye J, Wang Y, Chen L (2007) J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 82B:93

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Huan Z, Chang J (2007) J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 82B:352

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Wang X, Ye J (2008) Variation of crystal structure of hydroxyapatite in calcium phosphate cement by the substitution of strontium ions. J Mater Sci Mater Med (early view)

  57. Gbureck U, Knappe O, Grover LM, Barralet JE (2005) Biomaterials 26:6880

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Driessens FCM, Boltong MG, de Mayer EAP, Wenz R, Nies B, Planell JA (2002) Biomaterials 23:4011

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Gbureck U, Thull R, Barralet JE (2005) J Mater Sci Mater Med 16:423

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Doi Y, Shimizu Y, Moriwaki Y, Aga M, Iwanaga H, Shibutani T, Yamamoto K, Iwayama Y (2001) Biomaterials 22:847

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Lilley J, Gbureck U, Knowles JC, Farrar DF, Barralet JE (2005) J Mater Sci Mater Med 16:455

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Ni GX, Lu WW, Tang B, Ngan AHW, Chiu KY, Cheung KMC, Li ZY, Luk KDK (2007) J Biomed Mater Res A 83A:570

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Fadeeva IV, Barinov SM, Komlev VS, Fedotov DA, Durisin J, Medvecky L (2004) J Biomed Mater Res A 70A:303

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Fernandez E, Vlad MD, Hamcerencu M, Darie A, Torres R, Lopez J (2005) J Mater Sci 40:3677. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-005-0614-y

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Locher FW (2006) Cement: principles of production and use, Duesseldorf. Verlag Bau + Technik GmbH, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  66. Burguera EF, Xu HHK, Weir MD (2006) J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 77B:126

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Burguera EF, Guitian F, Chow LC (2004) J Biomed Mater Res A 71A:275

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Driessens FCM, Boltong MG, Bermudez O, Planell JA (1993) J Mater Sci Mater Med 4:503

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Chow LC, Markovic M, Takagi S (1998) In: Struble LJ (ed) Cements research progress, chap 7. American Ceramic Society, Westerville, OH, pp 215–238

  70. Driessens FCM, Boltong MG, Bermudez O, Planell JA, Ginebra MP, Fernández E (1994) J Mater Sci Mater Med 5:164

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Kurashina K, Hirano M, Kotani A, Klein CPAT, de Groot K (1997) Biomaterials 18:539

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Friedman CD, Costantino PD, Takagi S, Chow LC (1998) J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 43:428

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Khairoun I, Boltong MG, Driessens FCM, Planel JA (1997) Biomaterials 18:1535

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Fernández E, Gil FJ, Best SM, Ginebra MP, Driessens FCM, Planell JA (1998) J Biomed Mater Res 41:560

    Google Scholar 

  75. Fukase Y, Eanes ED, Takagi S, Chow LC, Brown WE (1990) J Dent Res 69:1852

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Xie L, Monroe EA (1991) Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 179:25

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Ishikawa K, Miyamoto Y, Kon M, Nagayama M, Asaoka K (1995) Biomaterials 16:527

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Xu HHK, Quinn JB, Takagi S, Chow LC (2002) J Dent Res 81:219

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Lee YK, Lim BS, Kim CW (2003) J Oral Rehabil 30:418

    Google Scholar 

  80. Ginebra MP, Fernández E, de Mayer EAP, Verbeeck RM, Boltong MG, Ginebra J, Driessens FCM, Planell JA (1997) J Dent Res 76:905

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Liu C, Shen W, Gu Y, Hu L (1997) J Biomed Mater Res 35:75

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Driessens FCM, de Mayer EAP, Fernández E, Boltong MG, Berger G, Verbeeck RMH, Ginebra MP, Planell JA (1996) Bioceramics 9:231

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Driessens FCM, Planell JA, Gil F (1995) Calcium phosphate bone cements. In: Wise DL, Trantolo DJ, Altobelli DE, Yaszemski MJ, Cresser JD, Schwartz ER (eds) Encyclopedic handbook of biomaterials and bioengineering, Part B, vol 2. Marcel Dekker, New York

    Google Scholar 

  84. Lemaitre J (1995) Inn Tech Biol Med 16:109

    Google Scholar 

  85. Xia Z, Grover LM, Huang Y, Adamopoulos IE, Gbureck U, Triffitt JT, Shelton RM, Barralet JE (2006) Biomaterials 27:4557

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Bermudez O, Boltong MG, Driessens FCM, Planell JA (1994) J Mater Sci Mater Med 5:144

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Khairoun I, Boltong MG, Driessens FCM, Planell JA (1998) J Mater Sci Mater Med 9:667

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Lacout J, Mejdoubi E, Hamad M (1996) J Mater Sci Mater Med 7:371

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Song Y, Feng Z, Wang T (2007) J Mater Sci Mater Med 18:1185

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Liu C, Shao H, Chen F, Zheng H (2006) Biomaterials 27:5003

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Sarda S, Fernandez E, Llorens J, Martinez S, Nilsson M, Planell JA (2001) J Mater Sci Mater Med 12:905

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Weiss DD, Sachs MA, Woodard CR (2003) J Long Term Eff Med Implants 13:41

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Brown WE, Chow LC (1986) A new calcium phosphate water-setting cement. In: Brown PW (ed) Cements research progress. American Ceramic Society, Westerville, p 351

  94. Hatim Z, Freche M, Keribech A, Lacout JL (1998) Ann Chim Sci Mat 23:65

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Ishikawa K, Asaoka K (1995) J Biomed Mater Res 29:1537

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Chow LC (1991) J Ceram Soc Jpn 99:954

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Chow LC (2000) Mat Res Soc Syrnp Proc 599:27

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Chow LC (2001) Calcium phosphate cements. In: Chow LC, Eanes ED (eds) Octacalcium phosphate. Monographs in oral science, vol 18. Karger, Basel, p 148

    Google Scholar 

  99. Brown PW, Fulmer M (1991) J Amer Ceram Soc 74:934

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. TenHuisen KS, Brown PW (1994) J Dent Res 3:598

    Google Scholar 

  101. Ishikawa K, Takagi S, Chow LC, Suzuki K (1999) J Biomed Mater Res 46:504

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Matsuya S, Takagi S, Chow LC (2000) J Mater Sci Mater Med 11:305

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Lemaitre J, Mirtchi AA, Mortier A (1987) Silic Ind 9–10:141

    Google Scholar 

  104. Mirtchi AA, Lemaitre J, Terao N (1989) Biomaterials 10:475

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Bohner M, Lemaitre J, Ring TA (1996) J Amer Ceram Soc 79:1427

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Fernandez E, Gil FJ, Best SM, Ginebra MP, Driessens FCM, Planell JA (1998) J Biomed Mater Res 42:403

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Fernandez E, Gil FJ, Ginebra MP, Driesens FCM, Planell JA, Best SM (1999) J Mater Sci Mater Med 10:223

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Barralet JE, Lilley KJ, Grover LM, Farrar DF, Ansell C, Gbureck U (2004) Mater Sci Mater Med 15:407

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Lilley KJ, Gbureck U, Wright AJ, Farrar DF, Barralet JE (2005) J Mater Sci Mater Med 16:1185

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Wang X, Ye J, Wang Y, Wu X, Bai B (2007) J Biomed Mater Res A 81A:781

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. de Maeyer EAP, Verbeeck RMH, Vercruysse CWJ (2000) J Biomed Mater Res 52:95

    Google Scholar 

  112. Wang X, Ye J, Wang Y (2008) J Mater Sci Mater Med 19:813

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Zoulgami M, Lucas A, Briard P, Gaudé J (2001) Biomaterials 22:1933

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Knaack D, Goad ME, Aiolova M, Rey C, Tofighi A, Chakravarthy P, Lee DD (1998) J Biomed Mater Res 43:399

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Monma H, Kanazawa T (1976) Yogyo-Kyokai-Shi 84:209

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Fernandez E, Ginebra MP, Boltong MG, Driessens FCM, Ginebra J, De Maeyer EAP, Verbeeck RMH, Planell JA (1996) J Biomed Mater Res 32:367

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Gbureck U, Barralet JE, Radu L, Klinger HG, Thull R (2004) J Amer Ceram Soc 87:1126

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Bohner M. Malsy AK, Camire CL, Gbureck U (2006) Acta Biomater 2:343

    Google Scholar 

  119. Brunner TJ, Grass RN, Bohner M, Stark WJ (2007) J Mater Chem 38:4072

    Google Scholar 

  120. Alves HLR, dos Santos LA, Bergmann CP (2008) Injectability evaluation of tricalcium phosphate bone cement. J Mater Sci Mater Med (early view)

  121. Gbureck U, Grolms O, Barralet JE, Grover LM, Thull R (2003) Biomaterials 24:4123

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Gbureck U, Barralet JE, Hofmann MP, Thull R (2004) J Dent Res 83:425

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Gbureck U, Barralet JE, Hofmann MP, Thull R (2004) J Amer Ceram Soc 87:311

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Tsai CH, Ju CP, Lin JHC (2008) Morphology and mechanical behavior of TTCP-derived calcium phosphate cement subcutaneously implanted in rats. J Mater Sci Mater Med (early view)

  125. Tsai CH, Lin RM, Ju CP, Lin JHC (2008) Biomaterials 29:984

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Tsai CH, Lin JHC, Ju CP (2007) J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 80B:244

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Chow LC, Markovic M, Frukhtbeyn SA, Takagi S (2005) Biomaterials 26:393

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. TenHuisen KS, Brown PW (1998) Biomaterials 19:2209

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Ginebra MP, Fernandez E, Driessens FCM, Planell JA (1999) J Amer Ceram Soc 82:2808

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Durucan C, Brown PW (2000) J Mater Sci Mater Med 11:365

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Durucan C, Brown PW (2002) J Amer Ceram Soc 85:2013

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Ginebra MP, Driessens FCM, Planell JA (2004) Biomaterials 25:3453

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Koshino T, Kubota W, Morii T (1995) Biomaterials 16:125

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Liu C, Huang Y, Chen J (2004) J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 69B:73

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Liu C, Gai W, Pan S, Liu Z (2003) Biomaterials 24:2995

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Charrière E, Terrazzoni S, Pittet C, Mordasini P, Dutoit M, Lemaitre J, Zysset P (2001) Biomaterials 22:2937

    Google Scholar 

  137. Bohner M (2000) Injury 31(Suppl. 4):S-D37

    Google Scholar 

  138. Bohner M (2001) Eur Spine J 10:S114

    Google Scholar 

  139. von Gonten AS, Kelly JR, Antonucci JM (2000) J Mater Sci Mater Med 11:95

    Google Scholar 

  140. Gisep A, Kugler S, Wahl D, Rahn B (2004) J Mater Sci Mater Med 15:1065

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Bohner M (2007) J Mater Chem 38:3980

    Google Scholar 

  142. Ambard AJ, Mueninghoff L (2006) J Prosthodont 15:321

    Google Scholar 

  143. Lewis G (2006) J Biomed Mater Res B: Appl Biomater 76B:456

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Kenny SM, Buggy M (2003) J Mater Sci Mater Med 14:923

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Takagi S, Chow LC, Markovic M, Friedman CD, Costantino PD (2001) J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 58:36

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Standard test method for time of setting of hydraulic cement paste by Gillmore needles. ASTM C266–89. (1993) In: Annual book of ASTM standards, vol 04.01, Cement, lime, gypsum. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, p 189

  147. Standard test method for time of setting of hydraulic cement paste by Vicat needle. ASTM C191–92. (1993) In: Annual book of ASTM standards, vol 04.01, Cement, lime, gypsum. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, p 158

  148. Nilsson M, Carlson J, Fernandez E, Planell JA (2002) J Mater Sci Mater Med 13:1135

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Hofmann MP, Nazhat SN, Gbureck U, Barralet JE (2006) J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 79B:360

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Martin RI, Brown PW (1997) Calcif Tissue Int 60:538

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Brunner TJ, Bohner M, Dora C, Gerber C, Stark WJ (2007) J Biomed Mater Res B: Appl Biomater 83B:400

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Gao WY, Wang YW, Dong LM, Yu ZW (2006) J Therm Anal Calorim 85:785

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Bohner M, Gbureck U (2008) J Biomed Mater Res B: Appl Biomater 84B:375

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Liu C, Huang Y, Zheng H (1999) J Amer Ceram Soc 82:1052

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Hofmann MP, Young AM, Gbureck U, Nazhat SN Barralet JE (2006) J Mater Chem 16:3199

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Ginebra MP, Fernandez E, Driessens FCM, Boltong MG, Muntasell J, Font J, Planell JA (1995) J Mater Sci Mater Med 6:857

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Leung KS, Siu WS, Li SF, Qin L, Cheung WH, Tam KF, Po P, Lui Y (2006) J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 78B:153

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Baroud G, Matsushita C, Samara M, Beckman L, Steffen T (2004) J Biomed Mater Res B: Appl Biomater 68B:105

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Constantz BR, Ison IC, Fulmer MT, Poser RD, Smith ST, van Wagoner M, Ross J, Goldstein SA, Jupiter JB, Rosenthal DI (1995) Science 267:1796

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Nomoto T, Haraguchi K, Yamaguchi S, Sugano N, Nakayama H, Sekino T, Niihara K (2006) J Mater Sci Mater Med 17: 379

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Barralet JE, Grover LM, Gbureck U (2004) Biomaterials 25:2197

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Sarda S, Fernández E, Nilsson M, Balcells M, Planell JA (2002) J Biomed Mater Res 61:653

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Bohner M, Baroud G (2005) Biomaterials 26:1553

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Khairoun I, Boltong MG, Driessens FCM, Planell JA (1998) J Mater Sci Mater Med 9:425

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Burguera EF, Xu HHK, Sun L (2008) J Biomed Mater Res B: Appl Biomater 84B:493

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Ginebra MP, Rilliard A, Fernandez E, Elvira C, San Roman J, Planell JA (2001) J Biomed Mater Res 57:113

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Bermudez O, Boltong MG, Driessens FCM, Planell JA (1993) J Mater Sci Mater Med 4:389

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. del Valle S, Miňo N, Muňoz F, González A, Planell JA, Ginebra MP (2007) J Mater Sci Mater Med 18:353

    Google Scholar 

  169. Khairoun I, Driessens FCM, Boltong MG, Planell JA, Wenz R (1999) Biomaterials 20:393

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Miyamoto Y, Ishikawa K, Takechi M, Toh T, Yuasa T, Nagayama M, Suzuki K (1999) J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 48:36

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Bigi A, Bracci B, Panzavolta S (2004) Biomaterials 25:2893

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Ishikawa K, Matsuya S, Nakagawa M, Udoh K, Suzuki K (2004) J Mater Sci Mater Med 15:13

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Barralet JE, Hofmann M, Grover LM, Gbureck U (2003) Adv Mater 15:2091

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Barralet JE, Duncan CO, Dover MS, Bassett DC, Nishikawa H, Monaghan A, Gbureck U (2005) J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 73B:238

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Wang X, Ye J, Wang Y (2007) Acta Biomater 3:757

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Watanabe M, Tanaka M, Sakurai M, Maeda M (2006) J Eur Ceram Soc 26:549

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. Markovic M, Takagi S, Chow LC (2001) Key Eng Mater 192–195:773

    Google Scholar 

  178. Almirall A, Larrecq G, Delgado JA, Martínez S, Planell JA, Ginebra MP (2004) Biomaterials 25:3671

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Barralet JE, Grover L, Gaunt T, Wright AJ, Gibson IR (2002) Biomaterials 23:3063

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. Takagi S, Chow LC (2001) J Mater Sci Mater Med 10:135

    Google Scholar 

  181. Simon CG Jr, Khatri CA, Wight SA, Wang FW (2002) J Orthop Res 20:473

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Ruhe PQ, Hedberg EL, Padron NT, Spauwen PHM, Jansen JA, Mikos AG (2005) J Biomed Mater Res A 74A:533

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Habraken WJ, Wolke JGC, Mikos AG, Jansen JA (2006) J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 17:1057

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Link DP, van den Dolder J, van den Beucken JJJP, Cuijpers VM, Wolke JGC, Mikos AG, Jansen JA (2008) Evaluation of the biocompatibility of calcium phosphate cement/PLGA microparticle composites. J Biomed Mater Res A (early view)

  185. Tas AC (2008) Preparation of porous apatite granules from calcium phosphate cement. J Mater Sci Mater Med (early view)

  186. Habraken WJEM, de Jonge LT, Wolke JGC, Yubao L, Mikos AG, Jansen JA (2008) Introduction of gelatin microspheres into an injectable calcium phosphate cement. J Biomed Mater Res A (early view)

  187. del Real RP, Wolke JGC, Vallet-Regi M, Jansen JA (2002) Biomaterials 23:3673

    Google Scholar 

  188. del Real RP, Ooms E, Wolke JGC, Vallet-Regi M, Jansen JA (2003) J Biomed Mater Res A 65A:30

    Google Scholar 

  189. Hesaraki S, Moztarzadeh F, Sharifi D (2007) J Biomed Mater Res A 83A:80

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Hesaraki S, Moztarzadeh F, Solati-Hashjin M (2006) J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 79B:203

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. Sarda S, Nilsson M, Balcells M, Fernández E (2003) J Biomed Mater Res A 65A:215

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. Friberg J, Fernández E, Sarda S, Nilsson M, Ginebra MP, Martinez S, Planell JA (2001) Key Eng Mater 192–195:777

    Google Scholar 

  193. Andrianjatovo H, Lemaître J (1995) Innov Tech Biol Med 16:140

    Google Scholar 

  194. Cherng A, Takagi S, Chow LC (1997) J Biomed Mater Res 35:273

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. Yokoyama A, Matsuno H, Yamamoto S, Kawasaki T, Kohgo T, Uo M, Watari F, Nakasu M (2003) J Biomed Mater Res A 64A:491

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. Xu HHK, Weir MD, Burguera EF, Fraser AM (2006) Biomaterials 27:4279

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. Bigi A, Torricelli P, Fini M, Bracci B, Panzavolta S, Sturba L, Giardino R (2004) Int J Artif Organs 27:664

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. Bigi A, Panzavolta S, Sturba L, Torricelli P, Fini M, Giardino R (2006) J Biomed Mater Res A 78A:739

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. Fujishiro Y, Takahashi K, Sato T (2001) J Biomed Mater Res 54:525

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. Bigi A, Panzavolta S, Rubini K (2004) Chem Mater 16:3740

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. Panzavolta S, Torricelli P, Sturba L, Bracci B, Giardino R, Bigi A (2008) J Biomed Mater Res A 84A:965

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. Majekodunmi AO, Deb S, Nicholson JW (2003) J Mater Sci Mater Med 14:747

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. Majekodunmi AO, Deb S (2007) J Mater Sci Mater Med 18:1883

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. Bohner M, Merkle HP, van Landuyt P, Trophardy G, Lemaitre J (2000) J Mater Sci Mater Med 11:111

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. Bohner M, Theiss F, Apelt D, Hirsiger W, Houriet R, Rizzoli G, Gnos E, Frei C, Auer JA, von Rechenberg B (2003) Biomaterials 24:3463

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. Barralet JE, Tremayne MJ, Lilley KJ, Gbureck U (2005) Chem Mater 17:1313

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  207. Driessens FCM, Boltong MG, de Maeyer EAP, Verbeeck RMH, Wenz R (2000) J Mater Sci Mater Med 11:453

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. Gbureck U, Dembski S, Thull R, Barralet JE (2005) Biomaterials 26:3691

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. Ishikawa K, Takagi S, Chow LC, Ishikawa Y (1995) J Mater Sci Mater Med 6:528

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. Miyamoto Y, Ishikawa K, Fukao K, Sawada M, Nagayama M, Kon M, Asaoka K (1995) Biomaterials 16:855

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. Fulmer MT, Brown PW (1993) J Biomed Mater Res 27:1095

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. Takechi M, Miyamoto Y, Momota Y, Yuasa T, Tatehara S, Nagayama M, Ishikawa K (2004) J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 69B:58

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  213. Brown WE (1966) Clin Orthop Rel Res 44:205

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  214. Takechi M, Miyamoto Y, Ishikawa K, Toh T, Yuasa T, Nagayama M, Suzuki K (1998) Biomaterials 19:2057

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  215. Otsuka M, Matsuda Y, Suwa Y, Fox JL, Higuchi WI (1995) J Biomed Mater Res 29:25

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. Liu C, Shao H, Chen F, Zheng H (2003) Biomaterials 24:4103

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  217. Chen WC, Lin JHC, Ju CP (2003) J Biomed Mater Res 64:664

    Google Scholar 

  218. Fernandez E, Gil FJ, Ginebra MP, Driessens FCM, Planell JA, Best SM (1999) J Mater Sci Mater Med 10:177

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  219. Tung MS, Brown WE (1983) Calcif Tissue Int 35:783

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  220. Brown WE, Eidelman N, Tomazic BB (1987) Adv Dent Res 1:306

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  221. Bohner M, Lemaitre J, Ring T (1993) Hydraulic properties of tri-calcium orthophosphate—phosphoric acid—water mixtures. In: Duran P, Fernandez JF (eds) Third euro-ceramics. Castellon de la Plana. Faenza Editrice Iberica S.L., Spain

    Google Scholar 

  222. Bajpai P, Fuchs C, McCullum D (1987) Development of tricalcium orthophosphate ceramic cement. In: Lemons J (ed) Quantitative characterization and performance of porous implants for hard tissue applications, ASTM STP 953. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, p 377

  223. Bohner M, van Landuyt P, Merkle H, Lemaitre J (1997) J Mater Sci Mater Med 8:675

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  224. Constantz BR, Barr BM, Ison IC, Fulmer MT, Baker J, McKinney LA, Goodman SB, Gunasekaren S, Delaney DC, Ross J, Poser RD (1998) J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 43:451

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  225. Elliott JC (1994) Structure and chemistry of the apatites and other calcium orthophosphates. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  226. Vereecke G, Lemaitre J (1990) J Cryst Growth 104:820

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  227. Klein CP, de Groot K, Driessen AA, van der Lubbe HB (1985) Biomaterials 6:189

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  228. Apelt D, Theiss F, El-Warrak AO, Zlinszky K, Bettschart-Wolfisberger R, Bohner M, Matter S, Auer JA, von Rechenberg B (2004) Biomaterials 25:1439

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  229. Ikenaga M, Hardouin P, Lemaitre J, Andrianjatovo H, Flautre B (1998) J Biomed Mater Res 40:139

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  230. Grover LM, Knowles JC, Fleming GJP, Barralet JE (2003) Biomaterials 24:4133

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. Mariño FT, Mastio J, Rueda C, Blanco L, Cabarcos EL (2007) J Mater Sci Mater Med 18:1195

    Google Scholar 

  232. Mariño FT, Torres J, Hamdan M, Rodríguez CR, Cabarcos EL (2007) J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 83B:571

    Google Scholar 

  233. Flautre B, Delecourt C, Blary M, van Landuyt P, Lemaitre J, Hardouin P (1999) Bone 25:S35

    Google Scholar 

  234. Xie J, Riley C, Chittur K (2001) J Biomed Mater Res 57:357

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  235. Frayssinet P, Roudier M, Lerch A, Ceolin JL, Depres E, Rouquet N (2000) J Mater Sci Mater Med 11:811

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  236. Ohura K, Bohner M, Hardouin P, Lemaitre J, Pasquier G, Flautre B (1996) J Biomed Mater Res 30:193

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  237. Flautre B, Maynou C, Lemaitre J, van Landuyt P, Hardouin P (2002) J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63:413

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  238. Yuasa T, Miyamoto Y, Ishikawa K, Takechi M, Nagayama M, Suzuki K (2001) J Biomed Mater Res 54:344

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  239. Khairoun I, Magne D, Gauthier O, Bouler JM, Aguado E, Daculsi G, Weiss P (2002) J Biomed Mater Res 60:633

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  240. Bodde EWH, Cammaert CTR, Wolke JGC, Spauwen PHM, Jansen JA (2007) J Biomed Mater Res B: Appl Biomater 83B:161

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  241. Miyamoto Y, Ishikawa K, Takeshi M, Toh T, Yoshida Y, Nagayama M, Kon M, Asaoka K (1997) J Biomed Mater Res 37:457

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  242. Young S, Holde M, Gunasekaran S, Poser R, Constantz BR (1998) The correlation of radiographic, MRI, and histological evaluations over two years of a carbonated apatite cement in a rabbit model. In: Proceedings of the 44th Annual Meeting, Orthopaedic Research Society, New Orleans, USA, March 16–19, p 846

  243. Kroese-Deutman HC, Wolke JGC, Spauwen PHM, Jansen JA (2006) J Biomed Mater Res A 79A:503

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  244. Bourgeois B, Laboux O, Obadia L, Gauthier O, Betti E, Aguado E, Daculsi G, Bouler JM (2003) J Biomed Mater Res A 65A:402

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  245. Wenisch S, Stahl JP, Horas U, Heiss C, Kilian O, Trinkaus K, Hild A, Schnettler R (2003) J Biomed Mater Res A 67A:713

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  246. Lu JX, Descamps M, Dejou J, Koubi G, Hardouin P, Lemaitre J, Proust JP (2002) J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63:408

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  247. Ooms EM, Wolke JG, van der Waerden JP, Jansen JA (2002) J Biomed Mater Res 61:9

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  248. Yuan H, Li Y, de Bruijn JD, de Groot K, Zhang X (2000) Biomaterials 21:1283

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  249. Theiss F, Apelt D, Brand B, Kutter A, Zlinszky K, Bohner M, Matter S, Frei C, Auer JA, von Rechenberg B (2005) Biomaterials 26:4383

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  250. Heymann D, Pradal G, Benahmad M (1999) Histol Histopathol 14:871

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  251. Dorozhkin SV (1999) Comment Inorg Chem 20:285

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  252. Dorozhkin SV (2002) Prog Cryst Growth Charact 44:45

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  253. Knabe C, Driessens FCM, Planell JA, Gildenhaar R, Berger G, Reif D, Fitzner R, Radlanski RJ, Gross U (2000) J Biomed Mater Res 52:498

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  254. Teitelbaum SL (2000) Science 289:1504

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  255. Mostov K, Werb Z (1997) Science 276:219

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  256. Rodan GA, Martin TJ (2000) Science 289:1508

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  257. Hench LL (1991) J Amer Ceram Soc 74:1487

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  258. Hench LL (1998) J Amer Ceram Soc 81:1705

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  259. Sun L, Berndt CC, Gross KA, Kucuk A (2001) J Biomed Mater Res B: Appl Biomater 58:570

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  260. Renault F, Chabriere E, Andrieu JP, Dublet B, Masson P, Rochu D (2006) J Chromatogr B 836:15

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  261. Yoshitake T, Kobayashi S, Ogawa T, Okuyama T (2006) Chromatography 27:19

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  262. Ooms EM, Egglezos EA, Wolke JGC, Jansen JA (2003) Biomaterials 24:749

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  263. Ooms EM, Wolke JGC, van de Heuvel MT, Jeschke B, Jansen JA (2003) Biomaterials 24:989

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  264. Kobayashi N, Ong K, Villarraga M, Schwardt J, Wenz R, Togawa D, Fujishiro T, Turner AS, Seim HB III, Bauer TW (2007) J Biomed Mater Res A 81A:838

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  265. Fernandez E, Ginebra MP, Bermudez O, Boltong MG, Driessens FCM, Planell JA (1995) J Mater Sci Lett 14:4

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  266. Yamamoto H, Niwa S, Hori M, Hattori T, Sawai K, Aoki S, Hirano M, Takeuchi H (1998) Biomaterials 19:1587

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  267. Andrianjatovo H, Jose F, Lemaitre J (1996) J Mater Sci Mater Med 7:34

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  268. Ishikawa K, Takagi S, Chow LC, Ishikawa Y, Eanes E, Asaoka K (1994) Dent Mater 10:26

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  269. Driessens FCM (1999) Chemistry and applied aspects of calcium orthophosphate bone cements. Concepts and clinical applications of ionic cements. September 8, Arcachon, France

  270. Miyazaki K, Horibe T, Antonucci JM, Takagi S, Chow LC (1993) Dent Mater 9:41

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  271. Miyazaki K, Horibe T, Antonucci JM, Takagi S, Chow LC (1993) Dent Mater 9:46

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  272. dos Santos LA, de Oliveira LC, Rigo ECS, Carrodeguas RG, Boschi AO, de Arruda ACF (1999) Bone 25:99S

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  273. Mickiewicz RA, Mayes AM, Knaack D (2002) J Biomed Mater Res 61:581

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  274. Costantino PD, Friedman CD, Jones K, Chow LC, Sisson GA (1992) Plast Reconstr Surg 90:174

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  275. Chow LC, Hirayama S, Takagi S, Parry E (2000) J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 53:511

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  276. Barralet JE, Gaunt T, Wright AJ, Gibson IR, Knowles JC (2002) J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63:1

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  277. Zhang Y, Xu HHK, Takagi S, Chow LC (2006) J Mater Sci Mater Med 17:437

    Google Scholar 

  278. Morgan EF, Yetkinler DN, Constantz BR, Dauskardt RH (1997) J Mater Sci Mater Med 8:559

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  279. Pittet C, Lemaitre J (2000) J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 53:769

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  280. Xu HHK, Carey LE, Simon CG Jr (2007) J Mater Sci Mater Med 18:1345

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  281. Xu HHK, Simon CG Jr (2004) J Biomed Mater Res A 69A:267

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  282. Losee JE, Karmacharya J, Gannon FH, Slemp AE, Ong G, Hunenko O, Gorden AD, Bartlett SP, Kirschner RE (2003) J Craniofacial Surg 14:117

    Google Scholar 

  283. Khairoun I, LeGeros RZ, Daculsi G, Bouler JM, Gauthier O, Guicheux J (2005) Macroporous, resorbable and injectable calcium phosphate-based cements (MCPC) for bone repair, augmentation, regeneration, and osteoporosis treatment. Patent No. WO/2005/077049. August 25

  284. Speirs AD, Oxland TR, Masri BA, Poursartip A, Duncan CP (2005) Biomaterials 26:7310

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  285. dos Santos LA, Carrodeguas RG, Boschi AO, de Arruda ACF (2003) J Biomed Mater Res A 65A:244

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  286. Gbureck U, Spatz K, Thull R (2003) Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 34:1036

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  287. Zhang Y, Xu HHK (2005) J Biomed Mater Res A 75A:832

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  288. Buchanan F, Gallagher L, Jack V, Dunne N (2007) Proc Inst Mech Eng H: J Eng Med 221:203

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  289. Villacampa AI, Garca-Ruiz JM (2000) J Cryst Growth 211:111

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  290. Wang X, Ye J, Wang Y, Chen L (2007) J Amer Ceram Soc 90:962

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  291. Dickens-Venz SH, Takagi S, Chow LC, Bowen RL, Johnston AD, Dickens B (1994) Dent Mater 10:100

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  292. Xu HHK, Eichmiller FC, Barndt PR (2001) J Mater Sci Mater Med 12:57

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  293. Xu HHK, Quinn JB, Takagi S, Chow LC (2004) Biomaterials 25:1029

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  294. Sun L, Xu HHK, Takagi S, Chow LC (2007) J Biomater Appl 21:299

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  295. Pan ZH, Jiang PP, Fan QY, Ma B, Cai HP (2007) J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 82B:246

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  296. Liu H, Li H, Cheng W, Yang Y, Zhu M, Zhou C (2006) Acta Biomater 2:557

    Google Scholar 

  297. Pan ZH, Cai HP, Jiang PP, Fan QY (2006) J Polymer Res 13:323

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  298. Weir MD, Xu HHK (2008) High-strength, in situ-setting calcium phosphate composite with protein release. J Biomed Mater Res A (early view)

  299. Lin J, Zhang S, Chen T, Liu C, Lin S, Tian X (2006) J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 76B:432

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  300. Miyamoto Y, Ishikawa K, Takechi M, Toh T, Yuasa T, Nagayama M, Suzuki K (1998) Biomaterials 19:707

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  301. Otsuka M, Kuninaga T, Otsuka K, Higuchi WI (2006) J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 79B:176

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  302. Xu HHK, Eichmiller FC, Giuseppetti AA (2000) J Biomed Mater Res 52:107

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  303. Xu HHK, Quinn JB, Takagi S, Chow LC, Eichmiller FC (2001) J Biomed Mater Res 57:457

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  304. dos Santos LA, Carrodeguas RG, Boschi AO, de Arruda ACF (2003) Artif Organs 27:412

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  305. dos Santos LA, de Oliveira LC, da Silva Rigo EC, Carrodéguas RG, Boschi AO, de Arruda ACF (2000) Artif Organs 24:212

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  306. Xu HHK, Simon CG Jr (2004) J Orthop Res 22:535

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  307. Burguera EF, Xu HHK, Takagi S, Chow LC (2005) J Biomed Mater Res A 75A:966

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  308. Xu HHK, Quinn JB (2002) Biomaterials 23:193

    Google Scholar 

  309. Gorst NJS, Perrie Y, Gbureck U, Hutton AL, Hofmann MP, Grover LM, Barralet JE (2006) Acta Biomater 2:95

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  310. Julien M, Khairoun I, LeGeros RZ, Delplace S, Pilet P, Weiss P, Daculsi G, Bouler JM, Guicheux J (2007) Biomaterials 28:956

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  311. Lemaitre J, Munting E, Mirtchi AA (1992) Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac 93:163

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  312. Müller FA, Gbureck U, Kasuga T, Mizutani Y, Barralet JE, Lohbauer U (2007) J Amer Ceram Soc 90:3694

    Google Scholar 

  313. Gisep A, Wieling R, Bohner M, Matter S, Schneider E, Rahn B (2003) J Biomed Mater Res A 66A:532

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  314. Gbureck U, Spatz K, Thull R, Barralet JE (2005) J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 73B:1

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  315. Castaldini A, Cavallini A (1985) Biomaterials 6:55

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  316. Sogal A, Hulbert SF (1992) Mechanical properties of a composite bone cement: polymethylmethacrylate and hydroxyapatite. Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on ceramics in medicine, Bioceramics, vol 5, p 213

  317. Harper EJ, Behiri JC, Bonfield W (1995) J Mater Sci Mater Med 6:799

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  318. Harper EJ (1998) Proc Instn Mech Engrs Part H: J Engin Med 212:113

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  319. Shinzato S, Kobayashi M, Mousa WF, Kamimura M, Neo M, Kitamura Y, Kokubo T, Nakamura T (2000) J Biomed Mater Res 51:258

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  320. Harper EJ, Braden M, Bonfield W (2000) J Mater Sci Mater Med 11:491

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  321. Xu HHK, Quinn JB (2001) J Biomed Mater Res 57:165

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  322. Claes L, Höllen I, Ignatius A (1997) Orthopäde 26:459

    Google Scholar 

  323. Jansen JA, de Ruijter JE, Schaeken HG, van der Waerden JPC, Planell JA, Driessens FCM (1995) J Mater Sci Mater Med 6:653

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  324. Larsson S, Bauer TW (2002) Clin Orthop Relat Res 395:23

    Google Scholar 

  325. Gbureck U, Knappe O, Hofmann N, Barralet JE (2007) J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 83B:132

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  326. Sethuraman S, Nair LS, El-Amin S, Nguyen MTN, Greish YE, Bender JD, Brown PW, Allcock HR, Laurencin CT (2007) J Biomed Mater Res A 82A:884

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  327. Link DP, van den Dolder J, Wolke JG, Jansen JA (2007) Tissue Eng 13:493

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  328. Oda H, Nakamura K, Matsushita T, Yamamoto S, Ishibashi H, Yamazaki T, Morimoto S (2006) J Orthop Sci 11:167

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  329. Braun C, Rahn B, Fulmer M, Steiner A, Gisep A (2006) J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 79B:151

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  330. Costantino P, Friedman C, Jones K, Chow LC, Pelzer H, Sisson G (1991) Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 117:379

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  331. Hong YC, Wang JT, Hong CY, Brown WE, Chow CY (1991) J Biomed Mater Res 25:485

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  332. Sugawara A, Fujikawa K, Kusama K, Nishiyama M, Murai S, Takagi S, Chow LC (2002) J Biomed Mater Res 61:47

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  333. Fujikawa K, Sugawara A, Kusama K, Nishiyama M, Murai S, Takagi S, Chow LC (2002) Dent Mater J 21:296

    Google Scholar 

  334. Sugawara A, Chow LC, Takagi S, Chohayeb H (1990) J Endod 16:162

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  335. Noetzel J, Özer K, Reisshauer BH, Anil A, Rössler R, Neumann K, Kielbassa AM (2006) Clin Oral Invest 10:77

    Google Scholar 

  336. Zhang W, Walboomers XF, Jansen JA (2007) The formation of tertiary dentin after pulp capping with a calcium phosphate cement, loaded with PLGA microparticles containing TGF-β1. J Biomed Mater Res A (early view)

  337. Comuzzi L, Ooms E, Jansen JA (2002) Clin Oral Implants Res 13:304

    Google Scholar 

  338. Shirakata Y, Oda S, Kinoshita A, Kikuchi S, Tsuchioka H, Ishikawa I (2002) J Periodontol 73:1043

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  339. Chaung HM, Hong CH, Chiang CP, Lin SK, Kuo YS, Lan WH, Hsieh CC (1996) J Formos Med Assoc 95:545

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  340. Sliindo ML, Costantino PD, Friedman CD, Chow LC (1993) Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 119:185

    Google Scholar 

  341. Bifano CA, Edgin WA, Colleton C, Bifano SL, Constantino PD (1998) Oral Surg 85:512

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  342. Friedman C, Costantino P, Jones K, Chow LC, Pelzer H, Sisson G (1991) Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 117:385

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  343. Sinikovic B, Kramer FJ, Swennen G, Lubbers HT, Dempf R (2007) Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 36:54

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  344. Smartt JM, Karmacharya J, Gannon FH, Ong G, Jackson O, Bartlett SP, Poser RD, Kirschner RE (2005) Plast Reconstr Surg 115:1642

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  345. Reddi SP, Stevens MR, Kline SN, Villanueva P (1999) J Craniomaxillofac Trauma 5:7

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  346. Friedman CD, Costantino PD, Synderman CH, Chow LC, Takagi S (2000) Arch Facial Plast Surg 2:124

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  347. Liverneaux P (2005) A cadaveric study Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 15:1

    Google Scholar 

  348. Liverneaux P, Vernet P, Robert C, Diacono P (2006) Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 16:10

    Google Scholar 

  349. Thordarson D, Hedman T, Yetkinler D, Eskander E, Lawrence T, Poser R (1999) J Bone Joint Surg 81A:239

    Google Scholar 

  350. Stankewich C, Swiontkowski M, Tencer A, Yetkinler D, Poser R (1996) J Orthopaedic Res 14:786

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  351. Goodman S, Bauer T, Carter D, Casteleyn PP, Goldstein SA, Kyle RF, Larsson S, Stankewich CJ, Swiontkowski MF, Tencer AF, Yetkinler DN, Poser RD (1998) Clin Orthop Rel Res 348:42

    Google Scholar 

  352. Bai B, Jazrawi L, Kummer F, Spivak J (1999) Spine 24:1521

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  353. Horstmann WG, Verheyen CCPM, Leemans R (2003) Injury 34:141

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  354. Simpson D, Keating JF (2004) Injury 35:913

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  355. Welch RD, Zhang H, Bronson DG (2003) J Bone Joint Surg Am 85:222

    Google Scholar 

  356. Keating JF, Hajducka CL, Harper J (2003) J Bone Joint Surg Br 85:68

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  357. Moore D, Maitra R, Farjo L, Graziano G, Goldstein S (1997) Spine 22:1696

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  358. Mermelstein LE, McLain RF, Yerby SA (1998) Spine 23:664

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  359. Mermelstein L, Chow LC, Friedman C, Crisco J (1996) J Orthop Trauma 10:15

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  360. Liverneaux P, Khallouk R (2006) J Orthop Sci 11:289

    Google Scholar 

  361. Ooms EM, Wolke JGC, van der Waerden JPCM, Jansen JA (2003) J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl. Biomater 66B:447

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  362. Strauss EJ, Pahk B, Kummer FJ, Egol K (2007) J Orthop Trauma 21:295

    Google Scholar 

  363. Schildhauer TA, Bennett AP, Wright TM, Lane JM, O’Leary PF (1999) J Bone Joint Surg 17:67

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  364. Jansen J, Ooms E, Verdonschot N, Wolke J (2005) Orthop Clin North Am 36:89

    Google Scholar 

  365. Maestretti G, Cremer C, Otten P, Jakob RP (2007) Eur Spine J 16:601

    Google Scholar 

  366. Hisatome T, Yasunaga Y, Ikuta Y, Fujimoto Y (2002) J Biomed Mater Res 59:490

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  367. Lim TH, Brebach GT, Renner SM, Kim WJ, Kim JG, Lee RE, Andersson GB, An HS (2002) Spine 27:1297

    Google Scholar 

  368. Belkoff SM, Mathis JM, Jasper LE, Deramond H (2001) Spine 26:1542

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  369. Heini PF, Berlemann U, Kaufmann M, Lippuner K, Fankhauser C, van Landuyt P (2001) Eur Spine J 10:164

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  370. Tomita S, Kin A, Yazu M, Abe M (2003) J Orthop Sci 8:192

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  371. Libicher M, Hillmeier J, Liegibel U, Sommer U, Pyerin W, Vetter M, Meinzer HP, Grafe I, Meeder P, Nöldge G, Nawroth P, Kasperk C (2006) Osteoporos Int 17:1208

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  372. Otsuka M, Matsuda Y, Suwa Y, Fox JL, Higuchi WI (1994) J Pharm Sci 83:255

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  373. Yu D, Wong J, Matsuda Y, Fox JL, Higuchi WI, Otsuka M (1992) J Pharm Sci 81:529

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  374. Bohner M, Lemaitre J, van Landuyt P, Zambelli P, Merkle H, Gander B (1997) J Pharm Sci 86:565

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  375. Kisanuki O, Yajima H, Umeda T, Takakura Y (2007) J Orthop Sci 12:281

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  376. Otsuka M, Matsuda Y, Suwa Y, Fox JL, Higuchi WI (1994) J Pharm Sci 83:1565

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  377. Otsuka M, Matsuda Y, Suwa Y, Fox JL, Higuchi WI (1994) J Pharm Sci 83:611

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  378. Li DX, Fan HS, Zhu XD, Tan YF, Xiao WQ, Lu J, Xiao YM, Chen JY, Zhang XD (2007) J Mater Sci Mater Med 18:2225

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  379. Kamegai A, Shimamura N, Naitou K, Nagahara K, Kanematsu N, Mori M (1994) Biomed Mater Eng 4:291

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  380. Fei Z, Hu Y, Wu D, Wu H, Lu R, Bai J, Song H (2008) Preparation and property of a novel bone graft composite consisting of rhBMP-2 loaded PLGA microspheres and calcium phosphate cement. J Mater Sci Mater Med (early view)

  381. Bodde EWH, Boerman OC, Russel FGM, Mikos AG, Spauwen PHM, Jansen JA (2008) The kinetic and biological activity of different loaded rhBMP-2 calcium phosphate cement implants in rats. J Biomed Mater Res A (early view)

  382. Meraw SJ, Reeve CM, Lohse CM, Sioussat TM (2000) J Periodont 71:8

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  383. Sasaki T, Ishibashi Y, Katano H, Nagumo A, Toh S (2005) J Arthroplasty 20:1055

    Google Scholar 

  384. Blom EJ, Klein-Nulend J, Wolke JGC, van Waas MAJ, Driessens FCM, Burger EH (2002) J Biomed Mater Res 59:265

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  385. Blom EJ, Klein-Nulend J, Yin L, van Waas MAJ, Burger EH (2001) Clin Oral Implants Res 12:609

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  386. Link DP, van den Dolder J, van den Beucken JJ, Wolke JG, Mikos AG, Jansen JA (2008) Biomaterials 29:675

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  387. Ruhé PQ, Boerman OC, Russel FGM, Mikos AG, Spauwen PHM, Jansen JA (2006) J Mater Sci Mater Med 17:919

    Google Scholar 

  388. Kisanuki O, Yajima H, Umeda T, Takakura Y (2007) J Orthopaedic Sci 12:281

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  389. Blattert TR, Delling G, Weckbach A (2003) Eur Spine J 12:216

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  390. Sanchez-Sotelo J, Munuera L, Madero R (2000) J Bone Joint Surg Br 82:856

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  391. Lobenhoffer P, Gerich T, Witte F, Tscherne H (2002) J Orthop Trauma 16:143

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  392. Cassidy C, Jupiter JB, Cohen M, Delli-Santi M, Fennell C, Leinberry C, Husband J, Ladd A, Seitz WR, Constanz B (2003) J Bone Joint Surg Am 85:2127

    Google Scholar 

  393. Schmidt R, Cakir B, Mattes T, Wegener M, Puhl W, Richter M (2005) Spine J 14:466

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  394. Vlad MD, Torres R, López J, Barracó M, Moreno JA, Fernández E (2007) J Mater Sci Mater Med 18:347

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  395. Krebs J, Aebli N, Goss BG, Sugiyama S, Bardyn T, Boecken I, Leamy PJ, Ferguson SJ (2007) J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 82B:526

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  396. Takagi S, Chow LC, Hirayama S, Sugawara A (2003) J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 67B:689

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  397. Carey LE, Xu HHK, Simon CG Jr, Takagi S, Chow LC (2005) Biomaterials 26:5002

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  398. Xu HHK, Carey LE, Simon CG Jr, Takagi S, Chow LC (2007) Dental Mater 23:433

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  399. Lemaitre J, Pittet C, Brendlen D (2003) Pasty or liquid multiple constituent compositions for injectable calcium phosphate cements. International PCT application, WO 03/041753 A1, May 22

  400. Chow LC (1988) Adv Dent Res 2:181

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  401. Bohner M (2001) Calcium phosphate emulsions: possible applications. In: Giannini S, Moroni A (eds) Bioceramics 13. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., Zurich, p 65

    Google Scholar 

  402. Troczynski T (2004) Nat Mater 3:13

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  403. Xu HHK, Burguera EF, Carey LE (2007) Biomaterials 28:3786

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  404. Xu HHK, Takagi S, Quinn JB, Chow LC (2004) J Biomed Mater Res A 68A:725

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  405. Tajima S, Kishi Y, Oda M, Maruta M, Matsuya S, Ishikawa K (2006) Dent Mater J 25:616

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  406. Weir MD, Xu HHK, Simon CG Jr (2006) J Biomed Mater Res A 77A:487

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  407. Xu JH, Tan WQ, Lin J (2007) Chinese J Biomed Eng 26:153

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  408. Niikura T, Tsujimoto K, Yoshiya S, Tadokoro K, Kurosaka M, Shiba R (2007) Orthopedics 30:320

    Google Scholar 

  409. Lode A, Wolf-Brandstetter C, Reinstorf A, Bernhardt A, König U, Pompe W, Gelinsky M (2007) J Biomed Mater Res A 81A:474

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  410. Yoshikawa M, Toda T (2004) J Europ Ceram Soc 24:521

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  411. Simon CG Jr, Guthrie WF, Wang FW (2004) J Biomed Mater Res A 68A:628

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  412. dos Santos LA, Carrodéguas RG, Rogero SO, Higa OZ, Boschi AO, de Arruda AC (2002) Biomaterials 23:2035

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  413. Baroud G, Steffen T (2005) Eur Spine J 14:474

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Dr. Marc Bohner for pointing my attention to this subject and Dr. A. Cuneyt Tas for some valuable comments concerning the single-phase cements.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kudrinskaja sq. 1-155, Moscow, 123242, Russia

    Sergey V. Dorozhkin

Authors
  1. Sergey V. Dorozhkin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sergey V. Dorozhkin.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dorozhkin, S.V. Calcium orthophosphate cements for biomedical application. J Mater Sci 43, 3028–3057 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-2527-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-2527-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation