Abstract
The effect of thermal annealing on shot-peened Type 304 stainless steel has been examined using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The objective was to evaluate the potential for surface property control by grain boundary engineering. The near surface microstructure of shot-peened material showed a gradual change of the grain boundary character distribution with depth. Twin (Σ3) and higher order twin grain boundaries (Σ9, Σ27) identified closer to the shot-peened surface had significant deviations from their optimum misorientation. The subsequent application of annealing treatments caused depth-dependent changes of the near surface microstructure, with variations in grain size, low Σ CSL grain boundary populations and their deviation from optimum misorientation. Microstructure developments were dependent on the applied heat treatment, with the near surface microstructures showing similarities to microstructures obtained through bulk thermo-mechanical processing. Shot peening, followed by annealing, may therefore be used to control the near surface microstructure of components.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Grimmer H, Bollmann W, Warrington DH (1974) Acta Crystallogr A30:197
Gertsman VY, Bruemmer SM (2001) Acta Mater 49:1589
Bi HY, Kokawa H, Jie Wang Z, Shimada M, Sato YS (2003) Scripta Mater 49(3):219
Palumbo G, Aust KT (1990) Acta Metall Mater 38(11):23343
Randle V (2006) Scripta Mater 54:1011
Rohrer GS, Randle V, Kim C-S, Hu Y (2006) Acta Mater 54:4480
Watanabe T (1984) Res Mech 11:47
Palumbo G (1997) Patent 5,702,543—Thermomechanical Processing of Metallic Materials. United States
Palumbo G (1998) Patent 5,817,193—Metals Having Improved Resistance to Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking. United States
Randle V (1999) Acta Mater 47(15–16):4187
Lin P, Palumbo G, Erb U, Aust KT (1995) Scripta Metall Mater 33(9):1387
Lehockey EM, Palumbo G, Lin P (1998) Metall Mater Trans 29A:3069
Kumar M, King WE, Schwartz AJ (2000) Acta Mater 48:2081
Schuh CA, Kumar M, King WE (2003) Acta Mater 51:687
Thaveeprungsriporn V, Sinsrok P, Thong-Aram D (2001) Scripta Mater 44:67
King WE, Schwartz AJ (1998) Scripta Mater 38(3):449
Shimada M, Kokawa H, Wang ZJ, Sato YS, Karibe I (2002) Acta Mater 50(9):2331
Engelberg DL, Humphreys FJ, Marrow TJ (2007) J Microsc In Press
Tan L, Allen TR (2005) Metall Mater Trans 36A(7):1921
Jivkov AP, Stevens NPC, Marrow TJ (2006) Acta Mater 54:3493
Jivkov AP, Marrow TJ (2007) Theor Appl Fract Mech 48(3):187
Jivkov AP, Stevens NPC, Marrow TJ (2007) J Pressure Vessel Technol T ASME In Press
Jivkov AP, Stevens NPC, Marrow TJ (2006) Comp Mater Sci 38:442
Winning M (2006) Scripta Mater 54:987
Molodov DA, Konijnenberg PJ (2006) Scripta Mater 54:977
Watanabe T, Tsurekawa S, Zhao X, Zuo L (2006) Scripta Mater 54:969
Furukawa M, Horita Z, Langdon TG (2005) J Mater Sci 40:909
Wang XY, Li DY (2002) Electrochim Acta 47:3939
Liu G, Lu J, Lu K (2000) Mater Sci Eng A286:91
Wang T, Yu j, Dong B (2006) Surf Coat Technol 200:4777
Limoges DL, Palumbo G, Lin PK (2002) Patent 6,344,097 B1—Surface Treatment of Austenitic Ni-Fe-Cr-Based Alloys for Improved Resistance to Intergranular Corrosion and Cracking. United States
Lindsay JH (2004) Plat Surf Finish 91(7):1
Humphreys FJ (2001) Vmap—orientation mapping and quantitative metallography by EBSD. Manchester Materials Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester
Brandon DG (1966) Acta Metall 14:1479
Altenberger I, Scholtes B, Martin U, Oettel H (1999) Mater Sci Eng A264:1
Renzhi W, Xaingbin L, Yuanfa Y (1985) In: Niku-Lari A (ed) Advances in surface treatments: technology, applications, effects, vol 2. Pergamon Press, pp 161–170 (ISBN 0080325351)
Kumar M, Schwartz AJ, King WE (2001) Mater Sci Eng A309–310:78
Thomson CB, Randle V (1997) Acta Mater 45(12):4909
Iino Y (1992) J Mater Sci Lett 11:1253
Iino Y, Kim TY, Mun SD (1996) Wear 199:211
Randle V, Jones R, Marrow J, Engelberg D (2008) Effect of Strain Path and Annealing on Development of Resistance to Intergranular Degradation in Austenitic Stainless Steel. ICOTOM 15. Pittsburgh: TMS
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful for the support of Rolls-Royce (Marine) Ltd. The authors are grateful to Metal Improvement Company for conducting the peening of the 304 stainless steel. The authors are also grateful for the technical assistance from Judith Shackleton with the X-ray diffraction measurements and Lai Mei Li with the plastic strain measurements.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alyousif, O.M., Engelberg, D.L. & Marrow, T.J. Surface grain boundary engineering of shot-peened type 304 stainless steel. J Mater Sci 43, 1270–1277 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-2252-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-2252-z