Abstract
Chrome-free leather such as glutaraldehyde-tanned leather behaves very differently from chrome-tanned leather. Information regarding its viscoelasticity has not been previously reported. Hysteresis and stress relaxation are two essential properties associated with viscoelasticity. We have designed a cyclic tensile test to measure these properties to gain insight into the structural difference between chrome-free and chrome-tanned leather. Observations revealed that chrome-free leather tanned with glutaraldehyde has a higher hysteresis than chrome-tanned leather. Stress relaxation experiments, on the other hand showed chrome-free leather has very similar relaxation curves as chrome-tanned leather. Both leathers demonstrate a rapid decrease in stress for the first few seconds followed by a much slower decay thereafter. The chrome-free leather, however, has a greater initial stress than chrome-tanned leather, indicating a higher stiffness than chrome-tanned leather. Moreover, observations showed the viscoelasticity of leather was affected significantly by its fatliquor content. A decrease of loading energy in a cyclic stress–strain experiment resulted from higher fatliquor content in leather.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Wolf G, Breth M, Igl G (2001) J Am Leather Chemists Assoc 96:111
Palop R (2003) Leather International, May 2003, 27–33
Schwaiger W (2001) Leather International, July 2001, 28–30
Fennen J (2003) 99th American Leather Chemist Association annual meeting, June 2003, 19–22
Liu C-K, Latona NP, Lee J (2005) J Am Leather Chemists Assoc 100:8
Liu C-K, Latona NP (2006) J Am Leather Chemists Assoc 101:330
Liu C-K, Latona NP, Lee J (2005) J Am Leather Chemists Assoc 100:102
Liu C-K, Latona NP, Cooke P (2007) J Am Leather Chemists Assoc 102:68
Liu C-K, Dimaio GL (2000) J Am Leather Chemists Assoc 95:102
Liu C-K, Dimaio GL (2001) J Am Leather Chemists Assoc 96:243
Liu C-K, Latona NP, Dimaio GL (2002) J Am Leather Chemists Assoc 97:284
Liu C-K, Latona NP, Dimaio GL (2002) J Am Leather Chemists Assoc 96:243
Liu C-K, Latona NP, Dimaio GL (2002) J Am Leather Chemists Assoc 97:329
Fein ML, Harris EH Jr, Naghski J, Filachione EM (1959) J Am Leather Chemists Assoc 54:488
Filachione EM, Fein ML, Harris EH Jr, Luvisi FP, Korn AH, Windus W, Naghski J (1959) J Am Leather Chemists Assoc 54:668
Fein ML, Filachione EM, Naghski J, Harris EH Jr (1963) J Am Leather Chemists Assoc 58:202
Filachione EM, Fein ML, Harris EH Jr (1964) J Am Leather Chemists Assoc 59:378
Filachione EM, Fein ML, Harris EH Jr (1964) J Am Leather Chemists Assoc 59:281
Morton WE, Hearle JWS (1978) Physical properties of textile fibers. The Textile Institute, Manchester and London, p 322
Liu C-K, Latona NP, Dimaio GL, Cooke PH (2007). J Am Leather Chemists Assoc 102:191
Kronick PL, Thayer P (1989) J Am Leather Chemists Assoc 84:257
Liu C-K, Latona NP (2002) J Mater Sci 37:3827. DOI: 10.1023/A:1019678716389
Liu C-K, McClintick MD (1999) J Am Leather Chemists Assoc 94:8
Liu C-K, Dimaio GL (2000) J Am Leather Chemists Assoc 95:170
Liu C-K, Latona NP, Dimaio GL (2001) J Am Leather Chemists Assoc 96:367
Liu C-K, Latona NP, Dimaio GL (2002) J Am Leather Chemists Assoc 97:389
Liu C-K, McClintick MD (1997) J Am Leather Chemists Assoc 92:157
Ferry JD (1980) Viscoelastic properties of polymers. John Wiley & Sons, New York
Whittaker RE (1975) J Soc Leather Tech Chem 59:172
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Mr. Joe Lee for his help in our research tannery and Dr. Lihan Huang for his invaluable suggestions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, CK., Latona, N.P., DiMaio, G.L. et al. Viscoelasticity studies for a fibrous collagen material: chrome-free leather. J Mater Sci 42, 8509–8516 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-1744-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-1744-1