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VREDI: virtual representation for a digital twin application in a work-center-level asset administration shell

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Abstract

The asset administration shell (AAS) has a virtual representation as an asset description and technical functionality as a smart manufacturing service. A digital twin (DT) is an advanced virtual factory technology that has simulation as its core technical functionality, which it performs in the type and instance stages of the physical asset. For providing an efficient information object to the DT application, this paper proposes Virtual REpresentation for a DIgital twin application (VREDI): an asset description for the operation procedures of a work-center-level DT application. For the successful application of DT as a smart factory technology, VREDI is designed to meet four core technical requirements—DT definition, AAS property inheritance, improving the existing asset description, and supporting DT-based technical functionalities. Based on the analysis of the technical requirements, the elements of VREDI are derived and the reference relationships between them are designed. It is then possible to provide the required technical functionality using the VREDI header, and a detailed P4R structure and elements of the body are defined. VREDI is applied to the concept to support the main properties of the DT. It is designed to inherit the AAS properties for efficient information management and interoperability. The application of advanced concepts such as “type and instance” and supporting vertical integration and horizontal coordination overcomes the limitations of the existing asset descriptions. Additionally, VREDI designates elements for supporting six DT-based technical functionalities in the type and instance stages of the physical work center.

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Abbreviations

AAS:

Asset administration shell

API:

Application programming interface

BOM:

Bill of materials

CMSD:

Core manufacturing simulation data

CDL:

Configuration data library

CNC:

Computerized numerical control

CPPS:

Cyber physical production system

CPS:

Cyber physical system

CSPI:

Commercial off-the-shelf simulation package interoperability

DES:

Discrete event simulation

DDL:

Data description language

DT:

Digital twin

I4.0:

Industrie 4.0

ICT:

Information and communication technology

ID:

Identifier

IIoT:

Industrial internet of things

IoT:

Internet of things

MFC:

Microsoft foundation class

MHC:

Material handling conveyor

MHE:

Material handling equipment

MHR:

Material handling robots

MHV:

Material handling vehicle

MMS:

Modular manufacturing system

MSF:

Micro smart factory

MTBF:

Mean time between failures

MTTR:

Mean time to repair

NESIS:

Neutral simulation schema

P4R:

Product, process, plan, plant, and resource

PLC:

Programmable logic controller

RAMI:

Reference architectural model industrie

REST:

Representational state transfer

RBR:

Rule-based reasoning

SOA:

Service-oriented architecture

SOAP:

Simple object access protocol

STEP:

Standard for the exchange of product

UML:

Unified modeling language

VREDI:

Virtual representation for a digital twin application

WCF:

Windows communication foundation

WIP:

Work in process

XML:

Extensible markup language

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the IT R&D Program of MOTIE/KEIT (10052972, Development of the Reconfigurable Manufacturing Core Technology Based on the Flexible Assembly and ICT Converged Smart Systems) and the WC300 Project (S2482274, Development of Multi-vehicle Flexible Manufacturing Platform Technology for Future Smart Automotive Body Production) funded by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups.

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Park, K.T., Yang, J. & Noh, S.D. VREDI: virtual representation for a digital twin application in a work-center-level asset administration shell. J Intell Manuf 32, 501–544 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-020-01586-x

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