Abstract
Purpose
In the present study, we reported two cases of TS with mosaic ring X chromosome showing common clinical characteristics of TS like growth retardation and ovarian dysfunction. The purpose of the present study was to cytogenetically characterize both cases.
Methods
Whole blood culture and G-banding were performed for karyotyping the cases following standard protocol. Origin of the ring chromosome and degree of mosaicism were further determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Breakpoints and loss of genetic material in formation of different ring X chromosomes r (X) in cases were determined with the help of cytogenetic microarray.
Results
Cases 1 and 2 with ring chromosome were cytogenetically characterized as 45, X [114]/46Xr (X) (p22.11q21.32) [116] and 45, X [170]/46, Xr (X) (p22.2q21.33) [92], respectively. Sizes of these ring X chromosomes were found to be ~75 and ~95 Mb in cases 1 and 2, respectively, using visual estimation as part of cytogenetic observation. In both cases, we observed breakpoints on Xq chromosome were within relatively narrow region between Xq21.33 and Xq22.1 compared to regions in previously reported cases associated with ovarian dysgenesis.
Conclusions
Our observation agrees with the fact that despite of large heterogeneity, severity of the cases with intact X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) is dependent on degree of mosaicism and extent of Xq deletion having crucial genes involved directly or indirectly in various physiological involving ovarian cyclicity.
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Acknowledgments
We thank the parents for giving consent to publish the data. We record words of gratitude to our teacher Professor Rajiva Raman for critical analysis and comments. We are thankful to anonymous reviewers for their suggestions in improving the manuscript. We are thankful to Centre for Genetic Disorders, BHU, for chromosomal analysis and innovative programme of UGC for hormonal assay experiment and Interdisciplinary School of Life Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, for cytogenetic microarrays. Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, and Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, are highly acknowledged for providing fellowship. This work forms part of the contribution of the Disease biology thrust area under DBT, New Delhi, sponsored by Interdisciplinary School of Life Sciences, BHU.
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In the present study, molecular cytogenetic mapping of ring X chromosomes narrowed down the critical region associated with ovarian dysgenesis between Xq21.33 to Xq22.1. The study further suggested that severity of clinical manifestation in the cases is dependent on degree of mosaicism and extent of Xq deletion.
Pooja Chauhan and Sushil Kumar Jaiswal contributed equally to this work.
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Chauhan, P., Jaiswal, S.K., Lakhotia, A.R. et al. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of two Turner syndrome patients with mosaic ring X chromosome. J Assist Reprod Genet 33, 1161–1168 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-016-0761-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-016-0761-x