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HLA-G and its role in implantation (review)

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Abstract

Background

Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is thought to play a key role in implantation by modulating cytokine secretion to control trophopblastic cell invasion and to maintain a local immunotolerance.

Method of study

The literature is reviewed to provide a description of the genetic background, properties of the protein, and the function of HLA-G. Data are presented on potential clinical applications of HLA-G including the use of evaluation of HLA-G gene polymorphisms in the diagnosis of patients experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss and evaluation and testing of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) in embryo culture media for the selection of embryos for transfer after in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Results

The literature supports a central role of HLA-G for successful implantation. Of couples experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss, 32% demonstrated the -1725G HLA-G polymorphism. Our data showed that when embryos were selected for transfer after IVF based on culture media concentrations of sHLA-G ≥ 2 U/ml and good morphologic grade, a 65% pregnancy rate compared with a 0% pregnancy rate in those with <2 U/ml sHLA-G.

Conclusions

HLA-G is important for successful implantation in human beings. The HLA-G -725 promoter polymorphism is a risk factor for recurrent miscarriage. Measurement of sHLA-G in embryo culture media can help select embryos for transfer after IVF allowing fewer embryos to be transferred in an attempt to lower multiple gestation rates.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Millenova Immunology Laboratories, Chicago, IL, USA

    Roumen G. Roussev & Carolyn B. Coulam

  2. CARI Reproductive Institute, Chicago, IL, USA

    Roumen G. Roussev & Carolyn B. Coulam

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  1. Roumen G. Roussev
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  2. Carolyn B. Coulam
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Correspondence to Roumen G. Roussev.

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Roussev, R.G., Coulam, C.B. HLA-G and its role in implantation (review). J Assist Reprod Genet 24, 288–295 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-007-9148-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-007-9148-3

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