Abstract
Paleozoologists have long used taxa represented by ancient faunal remains to reconstruct paleoenvironments. Those ancient environments were the selective contexts in which hominin biological and cultural evolution took place. Knowing about those particularistic selective environments and how organisms responded to them is increasingly seen as critically important to identifying both how biota will respond to future (to some degree anthropogenically driven) environmental change, and biological conservation and management applications that will ensure sustainability of ecological resources and services. Reconstructing paleoenvironments requires knowledge of species’ ecological tolerances, geographic ranges, habitats, environments, and niches. It also requires assumptions that extant species had the same ecological tolerances in the past as they do today and that changes in taxonomic composition or abundances reflect environmental change rather than sampling or taphonomic factors. Greater knowledge of ecological processes as well as increased analytical sophistication in paleozoology is providing increasingly rigorous and detailed insights to paleoenvironments.
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Acknowledgments
Comments on an early draft by J. Tyler Faith, Matthew G. Hill, Bryan Hockett, Jim I. Mead, and two anonymous reviewers were helpful. I particularly thank Faith and Hockett for their detailed suggestions.
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Lyman, R.L. Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction from Faunal Remains: Ecological Basics and Analytical Assumptions. J Archaeol Res 25, 315–371 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10814-017-9102-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10814-017-9102-6