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Molecular characterization of four genes involved in sulfur metabolism in Porphyra purpurea (Roth) C. Agardh

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Abstract

Sulfated polysaccharides (carrageenans and agars) are among the most important products of red algae that are used as food additives as well as in molecular biology research. The quality and value of the product is greatly dependent on the levels and sites of sulfation of the polysaccharides. Little information is currently available on the molecular details of sulfur metabolism in red algae. Considering the economic importance of sulfated polysaccharide, elucidating the molecular details of sulfur metabolism in these organisms could help in future endeavors to improve algal commercial value, e.g., through genetic engineering. A cDNA library from the red alga Porphyra purpurea (Roth) C. Agardh was used to isolate four cDNAs with homology to genes encoding known sulfur assimilation enzymes: sulfate adenyltransferase (ATP sulfurylase), adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate kinase (APSK), sulfite reductase, and cysteine synthase. These cDNAs were characterized with respect to their molecular properties and a cDNA with homology to APSK was used to functionally complement an Escherichia coli auxotroph APSK− mutant. The other cDNAs are being similarly characterized with respect to their ability to produce functional enzymes. Elucidation of the regulation of expression of these genes will aid in future research to determine the biochemical and genetic details of the sulfate assimilation pathway as well as its genetic manipulation in red algae.

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Abbreviations

APS:

Adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate

APSK:

APS kinase

APSR:

APS reductase

ATPS:

ATP sulfurylase

CS:

Cysteine synthase

Cys:

Cysteine

GSH:

Glutathione

Met:

Methionine

OAS:

O-Acetylserine

PAPS:

3′-Phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate

SAT:

Sulfate adenyltransferase

SeT:

Serine acetyltransferase

SR:

Sulfite reductase

ST:

Sulfotransferase

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Estelle Hrabak for her expert advice in several protocols, Troy Bray for providing Porphyra yezoensis tissue, and the Yale E. coli stock center for providing the JM81A E. coli auxotroph strains. The help of Dr. Andrew Laudano and his students was invaluable for the western blot analysis, and the staff at the UNH Hubbard Center for DNA sequencing. This project was partially funded by the UNH Marine Program and the Center for Marine Biology.

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  1. Matt Hunt

    Present address: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 384 ERML, 1201 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

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  1. Department of Plant Biology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA

    Subhash C. Minocha, Matt Hunt & Dennis E. Mathews

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Minocha, S.C., Hunt, M. & Mathews, D.E. Molecular characterization of four genes involved in sulfur metabolism in Porphyra purpurea (Roth) C. Agardh. J Appl Phycol 20, 783–795 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-008-9319-3

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