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Preparation and characterization of a carbon nanotube-based ceramic electrode and its potential application at detecting sulfonamide drugs

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Abstract

In this work, we report the construction, characterization, and the potential application of carbon-ceramic electrodes prepared with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CCE/f-MWCNT) to detect two sulfonamide drugs: sodium sulfacetamide (SFC) and sulfadiazine (SFD). Prior to the construction of CCE/f-MWCNT, MWCNT samples were functionalized by using an acid treatment (HNO3/HClO4), and then characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, FESEM, and Raman spectroscopy. These techniques were also employed to characterize the prepared carbon-ceramic electrodes, and the obtained results demonstrated that the MWCNT were properly dispersed in the silica matrix. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments showed that the f-MWCNT could enhance the electrochemical performance of the electrodes, as a consequence of its high electrical conductivity and large surface area. The antibacterial drugs were determined with CCE/f-MWCNT by employing CV and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). A linear relationship between DPV peak currents and SFC and SFD concentrations was verified separately in the range from 9.9 to 177.0 µmol L− 1 in 0.04 mol L− 1 BR buffer solution pH 6.0. Detection and quantification limits were found to be 1.06 and 3.54 µmol L− 1 for SFC and 2.31 and 7.71 µmol L− 1 for SFD, respectively. Besides the good sensitivity, the CCE/f-MWCNT showed reproducibility and specificity, since its response was not significantly affected by the presence of electroactive interfering compounds. The promising analytical performance of the CCE/f-MWCNT was confirmed by determining SFC and SFD in commercial veterinary formulations, with percent recoveries ranging from 99.9 to 101.1% for SFC and from 99.8 to 102.2% for SFD.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the financial support given to this work by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Brazil), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brazil) and Fundação Araucária (Brazil). The authors are also grateful to the C-LABMU Institutional Laboratory (UEPG), to the GDEM research group and to the State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG).

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, 84030-900, Brazil

    Andressa Hornes Schebeliski, Dhésmon Lima, Carolina Maria Fioramonti Calixto & Christiana Andrade Pessôa

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Av. Monteiro Lobato, km 04, Ponta Grossa, 84016-210, Brazil

    Luís Fernando Quintino Pereira Marchesi

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  1. Andressa Hornes Schebeliski
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Correspondence to Christiana Andrade Pessôa.

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Schebeliski, A.H., Lima, D., Marchesi, L.F.Q.P. et al. Preparation and characterization of a carbon nanotube-based ceramic electrode and its potential application at detecting sulfonamide drugs. J Appl Electrochem 48, 471–485 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-018-1171-9

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