Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction in pseudophakic bullous keratopathy

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Ophthalmology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate dry eye tests and meibography of patients with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK).

Materials and Methods

Thirty-seven patients with PBK were included. The eyes with PBK were compared with the normal pseudophakic fellow eyes. All patients had undergone a detailed ophthalmic examination including corneal and conjunctival fluorescein staining and Oxford scoring, tear film breakup time, Schirmer 1 test, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score assessment, lid margin abnormalities, upper and lower eyelid Meibomian gland evaluation using infrared captures of a biomicroscope. Partial or complete loss of the Meibomian glands (Meibomian dropout) was scored for each eyelid from grade 0 (no loss) through grade 3 (lost area was > 2/3 of the total meibomian gland area).

Results

The mean age of the patients was 73.2 ± 8.9 (range, 50–93). Mean tear film breakup time value was statistically lower in PBK eyes (P ≤ 0.001). OSDI, Oxford, lid margin abnormalities, inferior meibography, total meibography score were significantly higher in PBK eyes (P ≤ 0.001). The comparison of Schirmer 1 and superior meibography scores of the groups was insignificant (P = 0.143, P = 0.793, respectively).

Conclusion

The Meibomian gland morphology of the PBK eyes demonstrates significant differences when compared with normal fellow eyes and might be related to evaporative dry eye. For this reason, patients with PBK should be monitored for Meibomian gland dysfunction and when needed start prompt treatment in order to prevent further disturbance of the ocular surface.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Morishige N, Sonoda KH (2013) Bullous keratopathy as a progressive disease: evidence from clinical and laboratory imaging studies. Cornea 32(Suppl 1):S77–S83. https://doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0b013e3182a1bc65

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Kaya E, Eğrilmez S, Palamar M (2015) Effect of corneal collagen cross-linking on quality of life in patients with bullous keratopathy. Turkiye Klinikleri J Ophthalmol 24:95–101. https://doi.org/10.5336/ophthal.2014-42271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Liu T, Xu Y, Sun D et al (2012) Histological evaluation of corneal scar formation in pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. PLoS ONE 7(6):e39201. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039201

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Han KE, Yoon SC, Ahn JM et al (2014) Evaluation of dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction after cataract surgery. Am J Ophthalmol 157(6):1144–1150

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Li XM, Hu L, Hu J et al (2007) Investigation of dry eye disease and analysis of the pathogenic factors in patients after cataract surgery. Cornea 26(9 Suppl 1):S16–S20

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Oh T, Jung Y, Chang D et al (2012) Changes in the tear film and ocular surface after cataract surgery. Jpn J Ophthalmol 56(2):113–118

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Nelson JD, Shimazaki J, Benitez-del-Castillo JM et al (2011) The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: report of the definition and classification subcommittee. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52:1930–1937

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Arita R, Itoh K, Maeda S et al (2009) Proposed diagnostic criteria for obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction. Ophthalmology 116(11):2058–2063

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Arita R, Itoh K, Inoue K et al (2008) Noncontact infrared meibography to document age-related changes of the meibomian glands in a normal population. Ophthalmology 115:911–915

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Palamar M, Degirmenci C, Ertam I et al (2015) Evaluation of dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction with meibography in patients with rosacea. Cornea 34:497–499

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Eagle RC Jr, Laibson PR, Arentsen JJ (1989) Epithelial abnormalities in chronic corneal edema: a histopathological study. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 87:107–119

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Cho YK, Kim MS (2009) Dry eye after cataract surgery and associated intraoperative risk factors. Korean J Ophthalmol 23:65–73

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Sutu C, Fukuoka H, Afshari NA (2016) Mechanisms and management of dry eye in cataract surgery patients. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 27:24–30

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Yagci A, Gurdal C (2014) The role and treatment of inflammation in dry eye disease. Int Ophthalmol 34:1291–1301

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Pires RT, Tseng SC, Prabhasawat P et al (1999) Amniotic membrane transplantation for symptomatic bullous keratopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 117:1291–1297

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Eom Y, Choi KE, Kang SY et al (2014) Comparison of Meibomian gland loss and expressed meibum grade between the upper and lower eyelids in patients with obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction. Cornea 33:448–452

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ege Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Goz Hastaliklari AD, 35040, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey

    Melis Palamar, Pelin Kiyat & Ayse Yagci

Authors
  1. Melis Palamar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Pelin Kiyat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ayse Yagci
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Melis Palamar.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Palamar, M., Kiyat, P. & Yagci, A. Dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction in pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. Int Ophthalmol 39, 393–396 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-018-0824-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-018-0824-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation