Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate whether retrobulbar blood flow and choroidal thickness (CT) are affected in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and the relationship between these values.
Methods
We evaluated 40 eyes of 20 RA patients and 40 eyes of 20 healthy controls. The enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography, color Doppler imaging, was held. Statistical analysis was performed.
Results
Peak systolic velocity (PSV) of ophthalmic (OA) and central retinal artery (CRA) were significantly higher in RA. No significant difference was observed when end-diastolic velocity (EDV) of OA and CRA was compared between the groups. The resistivity index (RI) of OA and CRA was higher in RA. Perifoveal/subfoveal CT was lower in RA. Negative correlation was detected between the RI of OA and the perifoveal CT, and a positive correlation was detected between RI of CRA and CT.
Conclusions
Ocular hemodynamics is effected by RA and can exaggerate ocular complications of various vascular diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, retinal vascular occlusions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Itty S, Pulido JS, Bakri SJ, Baratz KH, Matteson EL, Hodge DO (2008) Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide, rheumatoid factor, and ocular symptoms typical of rheumatoid arthritis. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 106:75–81
Alamanos Y, Voulgari PV, Drosos AA (2006) Incidence and prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis, based on the 1987 American college of rheumatology criteria: a systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 36:182–188
Firestein GS (2003) Evolving concept of rheumatoid arthritis. Nature 423:356–361
Widdifield J, Paterson JM, Bernatsky S, Tu K, Tomlinson G, Kuriya B (2014) The epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis in Ontario, Canada. Arthritis Rheum 66:786–793
Turesson C, O’Fallon WM, Crowson CS, Gabriel SE, Matteson EL (2003) Extra-articular disease manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis: incidence trends and risk factors over 46 years. Ann Rheum Dis 62:722–727
Makol A, Crowson CS, Wetter DA, Sokumbi O, Matteson EL, Warrington KJ (2014) Vasculitis associated with rheumatoid arthritis: a case-control study. Rheumatology 53:890–899
Zlatanovic G, Veselinovic D, Cekic S, Zivković M, Dorđević-Jocić J, Zlatanović M (2010) Ocular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis-different forms and frequency. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 10:323–327
Hurd ER, Snyder WB, Ziff M (1970) Choroidal nodules and retinal detachments in rheumatoid arthritis. Improvement with fall in immunoglobulin levels following prednisolone and cyclophosphamide therapy. Am J Med 48:273–278
Matsuo T (2001) Multiple occlusive retinal arteritis in both eyes of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Jpn J Ophthalmol 45:662–664
Matsuo T, Masuda I, Matsuo N (1998) Geographic choroiditis and retinal vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis. Jpn J Ophthalmol 42:51–55
Giordano N, D’Ettorre M, Biasi G, Fioravanti A, Moretti L, Marcolongo R (1990) Retinal vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis: an angiographic study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 8:121–125
Martin MF, Scott DG, Gilbert C, Dieppe PA, Easty DL (1981) Retinal vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 282:1745–1746
Duru N, Altinkaynak H, Erten S, Can ME, Duru Z, Uğurlu FG (2016) Thinning of choroidal thickness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis unrelated to disease activity. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 24:246–253
Erdogmus B, Yazici S, Yazici B, Ataoglu S, Buyukkaya R, Yuksel H (2007) Orbital blood flow velocities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Ultrasound 35:367–371
Spaide RF, Koizumi H, Pozonni MC (2008) Enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol 146:496–500
Margolis R, Spaide RF (2009) A pilot study of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of the choroid in normal eyes. Am J Ophthalmol 147:811–815
Hua R, Liu L, Lib C, Chen L (2014) Evaluation of the effects of photodynamic therapy on chronic central serous chorioretinopathy based on the mean choroidal thickness and the lumen area of abnormal choroidal vessels. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 11:519–525
Maruko I, Iida T, Sugano Y, Oyamada H, Sekiryu T, Fujiwara T (2011) Subfoveal choroidal thickness after treatment of Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease. Retina 31:510–517
Ishikawa S, Taguchi M, Muraoka T, Sakurai Y, Kanda T, Takeuchi M (2014) Changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness associated with uveitis activity in patients with Behçet’s disease. Br J Ophthalmol 98:1508–1513
Behdad B, Rahmani S, Montahaei T, Soheilian R, Soheilian M (2015) Enhanced depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT) findings in acute phase of sympathetic ophthalmia. Int Ophthalmol 35:433–439
Baltmr A, Lightman S, TomkinsNetzer O (2014) Examining the choroid in ocular inflammation a focus on enhanced depth imaging. J Ophthalmol 2014:459136
Tranquart F, Berges O, Koskas P, Arsene S, Rossazza C, Pisella PJ (2003) Color Doppler imaging of orbital vessels: personal experience and literature review. J Clin Ultrasound 31:258–273
Matos KT, Arantes T, Souza AW, Ramos MH, Allemann N, Muccioli C (2014) Retinal angiography and colour Doppler of retrobulbar vessels in Takayasu arteritis. Can J Ophthalmol 49:80–86
Scott DG, Bacon PA, Tribe CR (1981) Systemic rheumatoid vasculitis: a clinical and laboratory study of 50 cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 60:288–297
Koutkia P, Mylonakis E, Rounds S, Erickson A (2001) Leucocytoclastic vasculitis: an update for the clinician. Scand J Rheumatol 30:315–322
Bacons PA, Kitas GD (1994) The significance of vascular inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 53:621–623
Matsuo T, Koyama T, Morimoto N, Umezu H, Matsuo N (1990) Retinal vasculitis as a complication of rheumatoid arthritis. Ophthalmologica 201:196–200
Androudi S, Dastiridou A, Symeonidis C, Kump L, Praidou A, Brazitikos P (2013) Retinal vasculitis in rheumatic diseases: an unseen burden. Clin Rheumatol 32:7–13
Nickla DL, Wallman J (2010) The multifunctional choroid. Prog Retin Eye Res 29:144–168
Laviers H, Zambarakji H (2014) Enhanced depth imaging-OCT of the choroid: a review of the current literature. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 252:1871–1883
Wei WB, Xu L, Jonas JB, Shao L, Chen CX, Zhou JQ (2013) Subfoveal choroidal thickness: the Beijing eye study. Ophthalmology 120:175–180
Somer D, Ozkan SB, Ozdemir H, Atilla S, Söylev MF, Duman S (2002) Colour Doppler imaging of superior ophthalmic vein in thyroid associated eye disease. Jpn J Ophthalmol 46:341–345
Fitzgerald ME, Wildsoet CF, Reiner A (2002) Temporal relationship of choroidal blood flow and thickness changes during recovery from form deprivation myopia in chicks. Exp Eye Res 74:561–570
Reitsamer HA, Kiel JW (2002) A rabbit model to study orbital venous pressure, intraocular pressure, and ocular hemodynamics simultaneously. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 43:3728–3734
Tetikoglu M, Temizturk F, Sagdik HM, Aktas S, Ozcura F, Ozkan Y, Temizturk S (2015) Evaluation of the choroid, fovea, and retinal nerve fiber layer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 30:1–5
Genta MS, Genta RM, Gabay C (2006) Systemic rheumatoid vasculitis: a review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 36:88–98
Vollertsen RS, Conn DL (1990) Vasculitis associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 16:445–461
Chen KR, Carlson JA (2008) Clinical approach to cutaneous vasculitis. Am J Clin Dermatol 9:71–92
Tranquart F, Bergès O, Koskas P, Arsene S, Rossazza C, Pisella PJ (2003) Color Doppler imaging of orbital vessels: personal experience and literature review. J Clin Ultrasound 31:258–273
Ozsahin M, Buyukkaya R, Besir FH, Onder HI, Erdogmus B, Ataoglu S, Güclü D, Kolukisa R (2015) Color Doppler imaging of the orbital vessels in ankylosing spondylitis. Semin Ophthalmol 30:360–363
Oner A, Akal A, Erdogan N, Dogan H, Oner M (2006) Color Doppler imaging of ocular hemodynamic changes in Behçet disease and uveitis patients with different etiologies. Curr Eye Res 31:519–523
Duranoğlu Y, Apaydin C, Karaali K, Yücel I, Apaydin A (2001) Color Doppler imaging of the orbital vessels in Behçet’s disease. Ophthalmologica 215:8–15
Isik C, Yagci B, Yildirim C, Yaylali V, Tatlipinar S, Ozden S (2007) Orbital color Doppler imaging in Behçet’s disease with or without ocular involvement. Int Ophthalmol 27:37–42
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
There is no conflict of interest between the authors.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kal, A., Duman, E., Sezenöz, A.S. et al. Evaluation of retrobulbar blood flow and choroidal thickness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Int Ophthalmol 38, 1825–1831 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-017-0656-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-017-0656-6