Abstract
The structure of cumulenic carbyne samples is studied by x-ray diffraction after exposure to high temperatures and pressures (200–900°C, 7.7 GPa). The results indicate that, with increasing temperature, carbyne transforms from a highly disordered to x-ray amorphous state, with narrower diffuse bands. At high temperatures, a disordered graphite-like structure is formed, with a density substantially lower than that of graphite. The behavior of impurities during the structural transformation of carbyne is discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Kroto, H.W., Heath, J.R., O'Brien, S.C., et al., C60: Buckminsterfullerene, Nature (London), 1985, vol. 318, pp. 162–163.
Iijima, S., Helical Microtubules of Graphitic Carbon, Nature (London), 1991, vol. 354, pp. 56–58.
Heimann, R.B., Kleiman, J., and Salansky, N.M., A Unified Structural Approach to Linear Carbon Polytypes, Nature (London), 1983, vol. 306, pp. 164–167.
Heimann, R.B., Kleiman, J., and Salansky, N.M., Structural Aspects and Conformation of Linear Carbon Polytypes (Carbynes), Carbon, 1984, vol. 22, no.2, pp. 147–155.
Kudryavtsev, Yu.P., Evsyukov, S.E., Guseva, M.B., et al., Carbyne: A Third Carbon Allotrope, Izv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Khim., 1993, vol. 42, no.3, pp. 450–462.
Kudryavtsev, Yu.P., Heimann, R.B., and Evsyukov, S.E., Carbynes: Advances in the Field of Linear Chain Compounds, J. Mater. Sci., 1997, vol. 31, no.4, pp. 557–590.
Evsyukov, S.E. and Kavan, L., Carbyne and Carbynoid Structures, Heimann, R.B., Ed., Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1999.
McKenzie, D.R., Muller, D., and Pailthorpe, B.A., Compressive-Stress-Induced Formation in Thin-Film Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1991, vol. 67, pp. 773–776.
Weiler, M., Sattel, S., Giessen, T., et al., Preparation and Properties of Highly Tetrahedral Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter, 1996, vol. 53, pp. 1594–1608.
Jungnickel, G., Sitch, P.K., Frauenheim, Th., et al., Nitrogen Doping in Purely sp 2 Bonded Forms of Carbon, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter, 1998, vol. 57, no.2, pp. 661–665.
Cote, M., Grossman, J.C., Cohen, M.L., and Louie, S.G., Theoretical Study of Three-Dimensional All-sp 2 Structure, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter, 1998, vol. 58, no.2, pp. 664–668.
Townsend, S.J., Lenosky, T.J., Muller, D.A., et al., Negative Curve Graphite Sheet Model of Amorphous Carbon, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1992, vol. 69, no.6, pp. 921–924.
Rosato, V., Celino, M., Benedek, G., and Gaito, S., Thermodynamic Behavior of the Carbon Schwarzite fcc (C36)2, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter, 1999, vol. 60, pp. 16928–16933.
Diederich, F., Carbon Scaffolding: Building Acetylenic All-Carbon and Carbon-Rich Compounds, Nature (London), 1994, vol. 369, pp. 199–207.
Baughman, R.H., Galvao, D.S., Cui, C., and Dantas, S.O., Hinged and Chiral Polydiacetylene Carbon Crystals, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1997, vol. 269, pp. 356–364.
Ravagnan, L., Siviero, F., Lenardi, C., et al., Cluster-Beam Deposition and In Situ Characterization of Carbyne-Rich Carbon Forms, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2002, vol. 89, no.28, p. 285506 (1–4).
Lyapin, A.G., Brazhkin, V.V., Lyapin, S.G., et al., Non-traditional Carbon Semiconductors Prepared from Fullerite C60 and Carbyne under High Pressure, Phys. Status Solidi B, 1999, vol. 211, pp. 401–412.
Brazhkin, V.V., Lyapin, A.G., Popova, S.V., et al., Structure-Property Relationships in New Metastable Carbon Phases Prepared at High Pressures from C60 Fullerite and Carbyne, Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., 2002, vol. 76, pp. 805–817.
Lyapin, A.G., Perspectives of Fullerene Nanotechnology, Osawa, E., Ed., Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2002, p. 199.
Varfolomeeva, T.D., Popova, S.V., Lyapin, A.G., et al., High-Pressure Structural Transformations of a Cumulenic Form of Amorphous Carbyne, Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., 1997, vol. 66, no.4, pp. 255–260.
Demishev, S.V., Pronin, A.A., Sluchanko, N.E., et al., 1D-3D Crossover in Hopping Conduction in Carbynes, Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., 2000, vol. 72, no.5, pp. 547–552.
Demishev, S.V., Pronin, A.A., Sluchanko, N.E., et al., New Nanocluster Carbyne-Based Material Synthesized under High Pressure, Fiz. Tverd. Tela (S.-Peterburg), 2002, vol. 44, no.4, pp. 585–588.
Demishev, S.V., Pronin, A.A., Glushkov, V.V., et al., Hopping Conduction in Carbynes Modified at High Pressures and Temperatures: Galvanomagnetic and Thermoelectric Properties, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., 2002, vol. 122, pp. 140–149.
Demishev, S.V., Pronin, A.A., Glushkov, V.V., et al., Electronic Transport in Carbynes Modified at High Pressures, Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., 2003, vol. 78, pp. 984–993.
Brazhkin, V.V., Lyapin, A.G., Lyapin, S.G., et al., Proc. Int. Conf. on High Pressure Science and Technology, AIRAPT-17 (Honolulu, 1999), Hyderabad: Universities, 2000, vol. 2, p. 684.
Kozlov, M.E., Hirabayashi, M., Nozaki, K., et al., Transformation of C60 Fullerene into a Superhard Form of Carbon at Moderate Pressure, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1995, vol. 66, pp. 1199–1201.
Lyapin, A.G., Brazhkin, V.V., Gromnitskaya, E.L., et al., Hardening of Fullerite C60 during Temperature-Induced Polymerization and Amorphization under Pressure, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2000, vol. 76, pp. 712–714.
Powder Diffraction File-2, Newtown Square: Int. Centre for Diffraction Data, card nos. 12-0212, 13-0148, 23-0064, 25-0284, 26-1076, 26-1077, 26-1080.
Kudryavtsev, Yu.P., Evsyukov, S.E., Babaev, G., et al., Oriented Carbyne Layers, Carbon, 1992, vol. 30, pp. 213–216.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
__________
Translated from Neorganicheskie Materialy, Vol. 41, No. 9, 2005, pp. 1081–1086.
Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Varfolomeeva, Popova, Lyapin, Brazhkin, Sadykov.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Varfolomeeva, T.D., Popova, S.V., Lyapin, A.G. et al. High-Pressure Structural Transformations of Carbyne. Inorg Mater 41, 950–954 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10789-005-0244-4
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10789-005-0244-4