Evaluation of Some Pharmacological Activities of ethanol extracts of seeds, pericarp and leaves of Eugenia Jamolana in Rats

Abstract.

The present study investigated the effect of ethanol extracts of seeds, pericarp and leaves of Eugenia Jamolana (E. Jamolana) on inflammation, gastric ulcer, anti-oxidants and hepatoprotective in rats. The acute inflammation was induced by intra-plantar injection of carrageenan (100 μl of 1 %) in the rat hind paw. Gastric ulcer was evoked by indomethacin (25 mg/kg) oral administration. Liver damage was induced by given CCL₄ (2.5 ml/kg) orally. The median lethal (LD₅₀) of the ethanol extract of both seeds and pericarp were determined and revealed that the investigated extracts of seeds and pericarp were non toxic up to 5g/kg. The anti-inflammatory results showed that the oral administration of ethanol extract of E. Jamolana seeds (250,500 mg/kg) showed significant inhibition of oedema formation in dose-dependent manner by −27.86, −41.23, −44.73, −51.78 % and by −63.16, −37.77, −47.04, −55.36 % at 1, 2, 3 and 4 h at 1, 2, 3 and 4 h, respectively. While the pericarp given at dose (500 mg/kg) exhibited significant inhibition of the oedema formation by −34.64, −21,8, 19.23 and −33.47 % at 1, 2, 3 and 4 h, respectively post carrageenan injection as compared with saline control group. E. Jamolana leaves fraction 1 given orally at dose of 25 mg/kg, induced non significant change on oedema, while the oedema response was significantly inhibited by −25.14, −33.4, −20.57 and −26.46 % at 1, 2, 3 and 4 h, respectively in group of rats that received leaves fraction 2 at the same dose. Rats were given leaves fraction 3 extract showed inhibition of oedema formation by −4.48 % at 1^st h post- carrageenan injection, while at 2^nd, 3^rd and 4^th h showed non significant change on oedema formation. The acute gastric mucosal lesions was significantly reduced by given ethanol extract of E. Jamolana seeds, pericarp (250, 500 mg/kg) and leaves fractions 1, 2 and 3 (25 mg/kg) respectively in dose dependent manner, as compared with indomethacin treated group (control group). All tested extracts showed significant reduction in elevated serum ALT, AST and ALP levels as compared with CCl ₄ treated group. The ethanol extract of E. Jamolana seeds, pericarp and leaves fractions 1, 2, 3 showed significant elevation of blood GSH level and significant reduction in elevated plasma lipid peroxides (MDA) as compared with CCl₄ treated group. In conclusion we can see that the ethanol extracts of E. Jamolana of seeds, pericarp and leaves fractions showed anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, hepatoprotective and anti-oxidants activity.