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Audio watermarking in transform domain based on singular value decomposition and Cartesian-polar transformation

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Abstract

This paper presents an audio watermarking scheme in fast Fourier transform (FFT) domain based on singular value decomposition (SVD) and Cartesian-polar transformation (CPT). In our proposed scheme, initially the original audio is segmented into nonoverlapping frames. FFT is applied to each frame and low frequency FFT coefficients are selected. SVD is applied to the selected FFT coefficients of each frame represented in a matrix form. The highest singular values of each frame are selected and are decomposed into two components using CPT. Watermark information is embedded into each of these CPT components using an embedding function. Experimental results indicate that the proposed watermarking scheme is highly robust against various signal processing attacks. In addition, the proposed scheme has a high data payload. Moreover, it outperforms state-of-the-art audio watermarking methods in terms of imperceptibility, robustness, and data payload.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT), Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan

    Pranab Kumar Dhar & Tetsuya Shimamura

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  1. Pranab Kumar Dhar
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  2. Tetsuya Shimamura
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Correspondence to Pranab Kumar Dhar.

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Dhar, P.K., Shimamura, T. Audio watermarking in transform domain based on singular value decomposition and Cartesian-polar transformation. Int J Speech Technol 17, 133–144 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10772-013-9214-4

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