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An Exploration of the Factors Influencing the Spatial Behavior of Mantled Howler Monkeys (Alouatta palliata)

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Abstract

Space use patterns are the result of complex interactions between individuals and their environment. Although competition with conspecifics, the distribution and availability of food resources and climatic conditions may all influence space use by primates, these factors are usually addressed separately. Studies that integrate social, ecological, and physical factors have the potential to improve our understanding of variation in the spatial behavior of primates. We studied two groups of mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico, to explore how intergroup competition, food availability, and ambient temperature influenced their use of space over 15 months. Loud calls produced by neighboring groups were a determining factor in the variation in the area used per month, daily ranging distance, and travel rate. Food availability did not influence any aspect of spatial behavior, but the distribution of feeding trees affected travel rate. Ambient temperature influenced the frequency and speed of travel. These results suggest that the spatial behavior of howler monkeys is influenced by social (intergroup competition), ecological (food distribution), and physical (ambient temperature) factors, and that the specific effects of these factors vary among measures of space use.

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Acknowledgements

We dedicate this study to our dear colleague and friend Diana Angeles Ramirez Saldivar, who dedicated her life to study and protect wildlife in Mexico and Malaysia. We thank P. Cruz Miros and several volunteers and students for their invaluable help during fieldwork. La Flor de Catemaco granted permission to work at this site, and Ing. J. L. Ponce Puente facilitated our work in a variety of ways. We thank C. M. Schaffner for her kind review of a previous version of the manuscript. J. M. Setchell and two anonymous reviewers provided very helpful feedback and corrections on previous versions of the manuscript. This study was supported by Universidad Veracruzana and Conacyt (beca doctoral 592163; proyecto ciencia básica 254217). A. Rangel Negrín and P. A. D. Dias were supported by a grant to CA-UV-25 from the Dirección General de Desarrollo Académico e Innovación Educativa, Universidad Veracruzana (México) while preparing this manuscript. A. Rangel-Negrín and P. A. D. Dias thank Mariana and Fernando for constant support and inspiration to study primate behavior.

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  1. Primate Behavioral Ecology Lab, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico

    Enrico Ceccarelli, Ariadna Rangel Negrín, Alejandro Coyohua-Fuentes, Domingo Canales-Espinosa & Pedro Américo D. Dias

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  1. Enrico Ceccarelli
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  2. Ariadna Rangel Negrín
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  3. Alejandro Coyohua-Fuentes
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  4. Domingo Canales-Espinosa
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  5. Pedro Américo D. Dias
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Correspondence to Enrico Ceccarelli or Pedro Américo D. Dias.

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Handling Editor: Joanna M. Setchell

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Ceccarelli, E., Negrín, A.R., Coyohua-Fuentes, A. et al. An Exploration of the Factors Influencing the Spatial Behavior of Mantled Howler Monkeys (Alouatta palliata). Int J Primatol 40, 197–213 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-018-0075-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-018-0075-1

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